Genetics QMP Flashcards
A gene is
A section of DNA
A part of the cell nucleus with the specific role of housing DNA
A single strand of DNA
A spherical protein holding a chomosome together
A protein holding DNA together
A section of DNA
What kind of age are the majority of women who develop breast cancer?
18-30
40-55
25-40
13-18
75 upwards
40-55
Which one of the following is a description of the defects associated with Down’s?
The failure of the chromosomes to seperate at anaphase in meiosis
The loss or damage of genes during the strand folding process
The placement of genes in the wrong sequence/upside down in the chrosmosome
The duplication of nitrogeneous bases
The movement of a gene from one chromitid to a non-homologous chromatid
The failure of the chromosomes to seperate at anaphase in meiosis
A student notices that the left hand column on a pedigree diagram has the term F2. What does this means?
The second child
The next generation
The offspring of the original parents
The probability of inheritance is twice as likely
This row of offspring represent the grandchildren of the original parents
This row of offspring represent the grandchildren of the original parents
A nucleotide is made up of a
sugar, a nitrogen base and ATP
sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogen base
base, a phosphate and a nitrogen atom
hydrogen bond, a phosphate ansds ATP
sugar, a sodium atom and a base
sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogen base
A gamete is
a reproductive organ
a newly fertilized ovumn
an eraly embryo with a yolk sac
a cell that results from meiosis
a cell that results from mitosis
a cell that results from meiosis
Which one of these chromosomal mutations is responsible for creating the extra chromosomal anomaly associated with Down’s syndronme?
Sequence duplication
Inversion
Non-disjunction
Deletion
Translocation
Non-disjunction
What is the mode of inheritance that gives rise to haemophilia?
Recessive autosomal
Sex linked recessive on the Y chromosome
Sex linked dominant
Dominant autosomal
Sex linked recessive on the X chromosome
Sex linked recessive on the X chromosome
Some SRY gene failures on the Y chromosome can lead to
No puberty occurs with these individuals
Is incompatible with life and the individual dies during gestation or soon after birth
Ambigious genitalia looking vaguely female at birth but not a true female
Infants slow to thrive
Chromosomal mutations that produce multiple birth defects
Ambigious genitalia looking vaguely female at birth but not a true female
Cystic fibrosis is a disease that prevents the correct enzymes being formed in tissues that require the use of mucus of the correct consistency. The disease is autosomal recessive. Both parents are carriers which of the following represents the proibability of their children having the disease.
50%
25%
60%
100%
0%
25%
If you know the genotypes for a mother and father and they turn out to be that of a heterozygote and a homozygote which ratio/proportion best expresses the likely outcome of genotypes?
1:2:1
50%
30%
100
3:1
50%
A single chromosome has
Two chromatids and one histone
One chomatid and two centrmeres
Two chromatids and one centromere
Two chromatids and two centromeres
Four chromatids and two centromeres
Two chromatids and one centromere
Which of the following is NOT a diploid cell?
A myocyte
A lymphocyte
An ovum
A hepatocyte
A osteocyte
An ovum
Why are women encouraged to self-examine the axilla (arm pit) atrea in addition to the breast itself?
The fat cells that make up the bulk of the breast can move to the axilla during abnormal tissue proliferation
The action of axilla examination ensures the individual covers all aspects of breast tissue
The tenmdons on the pectoral muscles are particularly prone to neoplastic spread
Breast cancer cells can infiltrate the lymph nodes in the axilla relitively rapidly
Breast lactiferous tubules extend to the axilla
Breast cancer cells can infiltrate the lymph nodes in the axilla relitively rapidly
The pedigree diagram notation shows a carrier as
a block colour square
a half colour circle or square
a square
a block colour circle
a circle
a half colour circle or square
What is the standard time for a GP referral with regard to patients with a suspicious lump? it should be within…
One month
Two days
Three weeks
Two weeks
Six weeks
Two weeks
Which of the following genotypes indicates codominant inheritance?
Blood group AO
Blood group OO
Blood group BO
Blood group OA
Blood group AB
Blood group AB
Treatment for breast cancer can involve any of the following except
Chemotherapy
Surgery
Sex steriods HRT
Radio therapy
Oestrogen antagonist
Sex steriods HRT
Down’s Syndrome is the result of
Deletion
Multiple point mutations
Translocation
Inversion
Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction
Which is NOT true of DNA?
DNA replicated
DNA is double stranded
DNA leaves the nucleus to facilitate protein manufacture in the ribosomes
DNA contains deoxyribose sugar in its structure
DNA is a nucleic acid
DNA leaves the nucleus to facilitate protein manufacture in the ribosomes
A mother and father have their first son who turns out to have haemophilia, the father does not suffer from this disease, explain how the son has inheriited this condition.
The condition is autosomal dominant
The condition is sex X linked and recessive
The condition is sex Y linked and recessive
The condition is autosomal recessive
The condition is sex linked and dominant
The condition is sex X linked and recessive
The word phenotype means
The name of the type of inheritance wherby an individual receives a gene from two or more generations before their parents
The allele designation example Bb or BB
The alternative name for recessive inheritance
The visible traits/ characteristics or behaviours associated with a certain inherited gene/s
The name for a certain group of mutations
The visible traits/ characteristics or behaviours associated with a certain inherited gene/s
The list below shows the commonalities between mitosis and meiosis, one option is NOT true.
Both produce new cells
They both start with a single parent cell
Both increase genetic variation
They both have similar basic steps with the same names involving seperation of chromosomes
Both words begin with M and both processes involve cell division
Both increase genetic variation
Mitosis
is a form of cell division which produces clone somatic cells
is a form of cell division which produces genetically identical gametes
is a form of cell division which produces more genetic variability
is a form of cell division which produces four daughter cells per one parent cell
is a form of cell division which produces gametes
is a form of cell division which produces clone somatic cells
The term autosome means
A lysosome that digests itself
A sex chromosome
A chromosome that has inactive genes
A chromosome that is not the sex chromosome
A chromosome that requires no histone support proteins
A chromosome that is not the sex chromosome
Tum lours are graded 0-IV and then a further staging gives thickness codes, which of the following indicates that pre-cancerous cells are present
Stage IV
Stage I
Stage II
Stage III
Stage 0
Stage 0
