Genetics Pt. 2 Vocabulary

Question 1

Punnet Square

Answer 1

A tool used to predict the probable outcomes of genetic crosses.

Question 2

Genotype

Answer 2

Allele combination for a trait. (ex. RR, Rr, rr)

Question 3

Phenotype

Answer 3

The physical feature resulting from a genotype. (ex. red, white)

Question 4

Dominant Allele

Answer 4

Stronger of two genes expressed in hybrid; represented by a capital letter (R).

Question 5

Recessive Allele

Answer 5

Gene that shows up less often in a cross; represented by a lower case (r).

Question 6

Homozygous Genotype

Answer 6

Gene combination involving two dominant or 2 recessive genes. (ex. RR or rr); also called purebred.

Question 7

Heterozygous Genotype

Answer 7

Gene combination of one dominant and one recessive allele. (ex. Rr); also called hybrid.

Question 8

Law of dominance

Answer 8

In a cross of parents with pure, contrasting traits, all offspring will be heterozygous and express only the dominant trait.

Question 9

Law of segregation

Answer 9

During the production of gametes, the two copies of each heredity factor segregate so that the offspring can acquire one trait from each parent.

Question 10

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 10

When two or more characteristics are inherited, individual heredity factors assorted independently during gamete production, giving different traits and equal opportunity of occurring together.

Question 11

Codominance

Answer 11

Two alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals.

Question 12

Probability

Answer 12

The likelihood that a particular event will occur.