Genetics exam 3

Question 1

where is the hydroxyl group on RNA located?

Answer 1

2’ carbon of its sugar

Question 2

what direction does RNA synthesize?

Answer 2

5’-3’

Question 3

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 3

structural and functional components of ribosome

Question 4

messenger RNA

Answer 4

carries genetic code for proteins

Question 5

transfer RNA

Answer 5

helps incorporate amino acids into polypeptide chain

Question 6

small nuclear RNA

Answer 6

processing and assembly of rRNA

Question 7

small nucleolar RNA

Answer 7

processing of pre-mRNA

Question 8

microRNA

Answer 8

inhibits translation of mRNA

Question 9

small interfering RNA

Answer 9

triggers degradation of other RNA molecules

Question 10

piwi-interacting RNA

Answer 10

suppresses the transcription of transposable elements in reproductive cells

Question 11

CRISPR RNA

Answer 11

assists destruction of foreign DNA

Question 12

long noncoding RNA

Answer 12

eukaryotic nucleus and cytoplasm variety of functions

Question 13

what is gene collinearity?

Answer 13

continuous sequence of nucleotides in DNA encodes a continuous sequence of amino acids in a protein

Question 14

what is gene non-collinearity?

Answer 14

discovered by hybridizing DNA with mRNA transcribed from it, nucleotides in a gene and amino acids in a protein should be proportional

Question 15

what is an intron?

Answer 15

removed from pre-RNA by RNA splicing

Question 16

what are the components of mature mRNA?

Answer 16

5’ untranslated region, protein-coding region, 3’ untranslated region

Question 17

what are different pre-mRNA modifications?

Answer 17

addition of 5’ cap, 3’ cleavage and addition of poly (A) tail, RNA splicing, RNA editing

Question 18

addition of 5’ cap

Answer 18

facilitates binding of ribosome to 5’ end of mRNA, increases mRNA stability, enhances RNA splicing

Question 19

3’ cleavage and addition of poly(A) tail

Answer 19

increases stability of mRNA, facilitates binding of ribosome to mRNA

Question 20

RNA splicing

Answer 20

removes noncoding introns from pre-mRNA, facilitates export of mRNA to cytoplasm, allows for multiple proteins to be produced through alternative splicing

Question 21

RNA editing

Answer 21

alters nucleotide sequence of mRNA

Question 22

what is the function of the consensus sequence?

Answer 22

determines where splicing were occur, exists at the 5’ and 3’ splice sites and upstream of the 3’ splice site in pre-mRNAs

Question 23

what is the process of splicing

Answer 23

cleavage at 5’ splice site, cleavage of 3’ splice site, intron removal

Question 24

what are the function of spliceosomes?

Answer 24

large macromolecular structures containing a set of snRNPs formed from snRNAs and many proteins