genetics exam 1

Question 1

autosomal recessive

Answer 1

a gene that shows up every other generation, you can tell when both parents don’t show the gene but offspring do

Question 2

autosomal dominant

Answer 2

shows up in every generation

Question 3

x-linked recessive

Answer 3

only male

Question 4

x-linked dominant

Answer 4

mostly female

Question 5

mitochondrial

Answer 5

transmitted from maternal side, suppressive mutations may not be observed initially but become apparent overtime

Question 6

Y-linked

Answer 6

occurs in all male descendants of affected father

Question 7

hemizygote

Answer 7

one allele rather than the usual two

Question 8

heteroplasmy

Answer 8

2 or more mtDNA variants exist within the same cell

Question 9

sister chromatid

Answer 9

used during cell division

Question 10

homologous chromosomes

Answer 10

used during gamete production

Question 11

anticipation

Answer 11

disorders are exhibited at earlier ages of onset and more severe with each generation

Question 12

paternal transmission bias

Answer 12

like genetic anticipation except paternal side

Question 13

dynamic mutation

Answer 13

a type of mutation in which a repeated sequence can increase in numbers from one gen to the next

Question 14

pleiotropy

Answer 14

a gene that affects more than one characteristic

Question 15

karyotype

Answer 15

complete set of chromosomes paired and organized by size

Question 16

chiasmata

Answer 16

link between sister chromatids where crossover occurs

Question 17

nondisjunction

Answer 17

errors in meiosis when homologs fail to separate