Genetics Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Phenotype is the outward expression of an allele where genotype is the set of alleles that an organism possesses
What is the principle of segregation and why is it important?
It states that an individual organism posses two alleles encoding for a trait and these alleles seperate with equal proportions when gametes are formed.
What is dominance?
When two alleles are present in a heterozygote and only the dominant one is expressed in the phenotype.
What is the principle of independent assortment?
The principle states that genes encoding for different characteristics or alleles at different loci separate independently of one another.
-An extension of the principle of segregation
How is a goodness-of-fit chi squared test used to analyze genetic crosses?
What is the probability associated with a chi-squared value indicate about the results of a cross?
The goodness of fit chi-squared test can be used to deviate the expected ratios owing to chance.
The value determines the probability that a difference between observed and expected numbers is due to chance.
Explain the addition rule
The probability of any two mutally exclusive events is calculated by adding the probability of these events.
*key words are ‘either’ and ‘or’
Explain the multiplication rule
the probability of two or more events occuring together is calculated by multiplying their independent probabilities.
*key word is ‘and’
