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Genetics Vocab Exam 1 > Genetics Chapter 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Genetics Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Genetics

A

Study of inheritance - How things were inherited

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2
Q

Phenotypes

A

Observed Traits

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3
Q

Molecular TRANSMISSION of Hereditary Material

A

(DNA,GENOTYPE)

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4
Q

Molecular EXPRESSION of Hereditary Material

A

(RNA, Proteins)

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4
Q

Locus / Loci

A

Chunk of DNA with function

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5
Q

Gene

A

A stretch of DNA that encodes

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6
Q

What is DNA

A

DNA is a linear polymer (repeated units) of nucleotides.

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6
Q

A nucleotide is composed of

A
  • Phosphate Group
  • Deoxyribose Sugar (5 Carbon Sugar)
  • Nitrogenous Space ( Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine)
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7
Q

Describe DNA structure

A

DNA strands are ANTI parallel (Double helix)

Two paired DNA strands are complimentary

Reverse complements - A,T & C,G
DNA strands have polarity: 5’ and 3’ ends

Outside is very water soluble, inside is water repellent - Nitrogen bases are inward, and sugar phosphate is outward

Genetic information is stored in the sequence of nucleotide in DNA

DNA is contained in chromosomes (which also has a protein)

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8
Q

What is a genome ?

A

Total DNA of an organism

  • Genes are coded information for building proteins or building RNA
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9
Q

DNA Splicing

A

When DNA is transcribed into RNA it needs to remove introns

Introns get cut out bc they intervene

Introns are way larger than exons

Exons are left because they are protein-coding regions

When the protein regions are being created that called translation

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10
Q

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

A
  • DNA transcribed into mRNA, Translated into protein
  • mRNA is a compliment of DNA but protein is a diff language
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11
Q

What is the RNA start Codon ?

A

AUG (it can never be right at the start)

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12
Q

What are the parts of a protein

A
  • Amino Group
  • Side chain 1 (can change AND UNQIUE to every amino acid)
  • Carboxyl Group (COOH)
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13
Q

Describe RNA strands

A
  • Single strands that are complementary to DNA strand
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14
Q

Who first sequenced peptides / proteons

A

Frederick Sanger (Insulin, 1955)

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15
Q

When was the first gene sequences

A

1972

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16
Q

First genome found

A

1977

17
Q

Human genome project is launched in

A

1990 ($3B)

18
Q

The human genome has _ pairs of

A

22 pairs of autosomes, 1 pair of sec chromosomes

Haploid

19
Q
A
20
Q

Protein

A

a linear polymer of amino acids that folds into a particular shape

21
Q

RNA

A

a polymer of nucleotides that is an intermediary in the synthesis of proteins from instructions in DNA

22
Q

Intron

A

part of a gene that does not contain protein coding information

23
Q

Complimentary

A

G–C and A–T base pairing in DNA through hydrogen bonds

24
Q

Mutation

A

alteration of DNA sequence

25
Q

Exons

A

part of a gene that can contain protein coding information

26
Q

Chromosomes

A

DNA structures that contain genes

27
Q

Gene

A

DNA information for a single function, such as production of a protein

28
Q

Genome

A

the entirety of an organism’s hereditary information

29
Q

Nucelotide

A

subunit of the DNA macromolecule

29
Q

DNA

A

a double-stranded polymer of nucleotides that stores the inherited blueprint of an organism

30
Q

The only one of the four bases in RNA that is not in DNA

A

Uracil

31
Q

a macromolecule composed of a string of subunits

A

Protein and DNA

32
Q

four different subunits

A

DNA

33
Q

Composed of Nucleotides

A

DNA

34
Q

20 different subunits
// composed of amino acids

A

Protein

35
Q

contains a code used to generate other macromolecules

A

DNA

36
Q

performs chemical reactions

A

Protein

37
Q

are the triplets usually written as DNA or
RNA? Why do you think this is?

A

The triplets are usually written as RNA because of the various combinations of amino acids. It is used to specify which amino acid is apparent.

38
Q

There are two amino acids that are each specified only by a single triplet. Identify these two amino
acids and the corresponding nucleotide triplets.

A

AUG - Met (start) // UGG - Trp

39
Q

If you know the sequence of amino acids in a protein, can you predict the exact sequence of
nucleotides in the gene that specifies that protein? Why or why not?

A

No, an amino acid can correspond to more than one codon.

40
Q

Why do scientists think that all forms of life on earth have a common origin?

A

All scientists think that all forms of life on earth have a common origin because many distinct organisms have the same genetic code as well as similar amino acid sequences which encode proteins.

Genetics Vocab Exam 1 (4 decks)

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