Genetics, Carcinogens & Cancer Flashcards
Is ras an example of an oncogene or a tumour suppressor?
Oncogene
Which is more likely to be inherited- mutations in oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes?
Tumour suppressor genes
Is p53 an example of an oncogene or a tumour suppressor?
Tumour suppressor
BRCA mutations increase the risk of developing what malignancies?
Breast and ovarian
What surveillance is offered to women who are carriers of a BRCA mutation aged 30-50 years?
Annual MRI
Male carriers of the BRCA2 gene are at increased risk of developing what malignancy?
Prostate cancer
Which hereditary mutation results in a 100% chance of developing colorectal cancer by age 50 years?
FAP
HNPCC mainly increases the risk of which two malignancies?
Colorectal and endometrial
How is HNPCC inherited?
Autosomal dominant
What condition causes the presence of dark freckles on the lips, oral mucosa and palms/soles, and multiple GI hamartomas?
Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome
Gardner’s syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition increasing the risk of what type of cancer predominantly?
Colorectal
What genetic condition predisposes to bilateral renal cysts, retinal and cerebellar haemangioblastoma and phaechromocytoma?
Von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome
What genetic condition predisposes to the development of parathyroid hyperplasia/adenoma, pancreatic endocrine tumours and pituitary tumours?
MEN1
What genetic condition predisposes to the development of medullary thyroid cancer, phaeochromocytoma and parathyroid hyperplasia?
MEN2A
What genetic condition predisposes to the development of medullary thyroid cancer, phaeochromocytoma, mucosal neuromas and a Marfanoid appearance?
MEN2B
What malignancies may be seen in association with neurofibromatosis type 1?
Optic gliomas and sarcomatous change of a neurofibroma
What malignancies may be seen in association with neurofibromatosis type 2?
Acoustic neuromas, meningiomas and glial tumours
What genetic condition involves spotty skin pigmentation, schwannomas and myxomas of the skin/mucosa/heart, and predisposes to endocrine tumours?
Carney complex
Which malignancies are most associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome?
Sarcomas and leukaemias
Aflatoxin (produced by Aspergillus) is a carcinogen responsible for which cancer?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Aniline dyes are carcinogenic for which cancer?
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
Asbestosis is a carcinogen predisposing to which cancers?
Mesothelioma and bronchial carcinoma
Nitrosamines are carcinogenic for which cancer?
Oesophageal and gastric cancers
Vinyl chloride is carcinogenic for which cancer?
Hepatic angiosarcoma
