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Science Yr 9 > Genetics And Inheritance > Flashcards

Genetics And Inheritance Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the basic unit of heredity?

A

Gene

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2
Q

True or False: All traits are inherited from parents.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the term for an organism’s observable characteristics?

A

Phenotype

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The genetic makeup of an organism is called its ______.

A

Genotype

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5
Q

What type of allele is expressed when two different alleles are present?

A

Dominant allele

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6
Q

What is the term for an allele that is masked by a dominant allele?

A

Recessive allele

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7
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a homozygous genotype? A) Aa B) AA C) Ab

A

B) AA

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8
Q

What is the probability of obtaining a homozygous recessive offspring from two heterozygous parents? (Use fraction)

A

1/4

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9
Q

True or False: A phenotype can be influenced by environmental factors.

A

True

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10
Q

What diagram is used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross?

A

Punnett square

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The physical location of a gene on a chromosome is called its ______.

A

Locus

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12
Q

What is a trait that is determined by multiple genes called?

A

Polygenic trait

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13
Q

Multiple choice: What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross? A) 3:1 B) 9:3:3:1 C) 1:1

A

A) 3:1

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14
Q

What type of inheritance involves traits controlled by genes on sex chromosomes?

A

Sex-linked inheritance

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15
Q

True or False: Mendel’s laws of inheritance apply to all organisms.

A

False

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16
Q

What is the term for a cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual?

A

Test cross

17
Q

Fill in the blank: The observable traits of an organism are its ______.

A

Phenotype

18
Q

What is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene called?

A

Monogenic disorder

19
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA? A) mRNA B) tRNA C) dRNA

A

C) dRNA

20
Q

What is the process by which DNA is copied to make RNA?

A

Transcription

21
Q

True or False: Codominance occurs when both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed.

A

True

22
Q

What is the term for a change in the DNA sequence?

A

Mutation

23
Q

Fill in the blank: The genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its ______.

A

Genotype

24
Q

What type of inheritance pattern results in a blending of traits?

A

Incomplete dominance

25
Q

Multiple choice: Which scientist is known as the father of genetics? A) Darwin B) Mendel C) Watson

A

B) Mendel

26
Q

What is the expected genotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross?

A

1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1

Science Yr 9 (3 decks)

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