Genetics And Inheritance Flashcards
What is the basic unit of heredity?
Gene
True or False: All traits are inherited from parents.
True
What is the term for an organism’s observable characteristics?
Phenotype
Fill in the blank: The genetic makeup of an organism is called its ______.
Genotype
What type of allele is expressed when two different alleles are present?
Dominant allele
What is the term for an allele that is masked by a dominant allele?
Recessive allele
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a homozygous genotype? A) Aa B) AA C) Ab
B) AA
What is the probability of obtaining a homozygous recessive offspring from two heterozygous parents? (Use fraction)
1/4
True or False: A phenotype can be influenced by environmental factors.
True
What diagram is used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross?
Punnett square
Fill in the blank: The physical location of a gene on a chromosome is called its ______.
Locus
What is a trait that is determined by multiple genes called?
Polygenic trait
Multiple choice: What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross? A) 3:1 B) 9:3:3:1 C) 1:1
A) 3:1
What type of inheritance involves traits controlled by genes on sex chromosomes?
Sex-linked inheritance
True or False: Mendel’s laws of inheritance apply to all organisms.
False
What is the term for a cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual?
Test cross
Fill in the blank: The observable traits of an organism are its ______.
Phenotype
What is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene called?
Monogenic disorder
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA? A) mRNA B) tRNA C) dRNA
C) dRNA
What is the process by which DNA is copied to make RNA?
Transcription
True or False: Codominance occurs when both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed.
True
What is the term for a change in the DNA sequence?
Mutation
Fill in the blank: The genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its ______.
Genotype
What type of inheritance pattern results in a blending of traits?
Incomplete dominance
Multiple choice: Which scientist is known as the father of genetics? A) Darwin B) Mendel C) Watson
B) Mendel
What is the expected genotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross?
1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1
