Genetics and Growth of prokaryotic cells

Question 1

how do prokaryotes multiply?

Answer 1

-they multiply by binary fission, in which the chromosome replicates while the cell grows in size, until the cell wall begins to grow inward along the midline of the cell and divides it into two identical daughter cells

Question 2

plasmids

Answer 2

• plasmisds are extrachromosomal material that carries genetic information
• they may contain antibiotic resistance genes or virulence factors
• plasmids that can integrate into the genome are called episomes

Question 3

bacterial genetic recombination increases bacterial diversity through which processes

Answer 3

• transformation
• conjucation
• transduction
• transposons

Question 4

transformation

Answer 4

this is the acquisition of genetic material from the environment, which can be integrated into the bacterial genome

Question 5

conjugation

Answer 5

this is the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another using a bacteriophage as a vector

Question 6

transduction

Answer 6

this is the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another using a bacteriophage as a vector

Question 7

transposons

Answer 7

these are genetic elements that can insert into or remove themselves from the genome

Question 8

bacterial growth follows a predictable pattern, what is it? explain.

Answer 8

• lag phase: the bacteria adapt to new local conditions during this phase
• exponential (log) phase: growth then increases exponentially
• stationary phase: as resources are reduced, growth levels off
• death phase: as resources become insuffiecient, bacteria die