Genetics and Genetic Disorders Flashcards
What process produces diploid cells from diploid cells?
Mitosis
What process produces haploid cells from diploid cells?
Meiosis
What processes produce diploid cells from haploid cells?
Fertilisation
What offspring receive an X chromosome from their father?
Daughters only
Describe a nucleotide monomer.
Deoxy or ribose sugar + base + phosphate
What charge is the phosphate group?
Negative
How many carbons exist in the sugar rings?
4 carbons (5th is side chain)
What direction is the chain of nucleotide monomers?
5’ to 3’
How are complimentary base pairs bound?
Via Hydrogen bonds.
Name the purine bases.
Adenine and Guanine
Name the pyrimidine bases.
Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil
How many hydrogen bonds are formed between Cytosine and Guanine?
3
How many hydrogen bonds are formed between Adenine and Thymine?
2
How many DNA bases exist?
5
What replaces thymine in RNA?
Uracil
What linkage forms covalent backbone if DNA?
Phosphodiester linkage
In what direction does the sense/leading strand of DNA run?
5’ to 3’
In what direction does the anti-sense/lagging strand run?
3’ to 5’
How is DNA described?
Semi-conservative and bi-directional
During replication, what enzyme ‘unzips’ the DNA?
Helicases
What enzyme controls elongation during DNA replication?
DNA Polymerases
In what direction does DNA polymerase work?
5’ to 3’
In lagging strand, what enzyme seals Okazaki fragments?
DNA ligase
What enzyme proof reads new double helix?
Nucleases