Genetics and Blood Groups Flashcards
What is the definition of a Genotype??
Pair of alleles ( types of genos )
Examples of alleles??
Eye colour
Hair colour
Skin colour
Tongue roll
What is always expressed when present??
Dominant Alleles
What is only expressed when no dominant one is present??
Recessive gene
What is homozygous??
When both the alleles are the same e.g. / BB , bb
What is Heterozygous??
Different alleles e.g./ Bb
How genes are expressed e.g./ brown eyes, blue eyes
Phenotype
Who started the Great Pea Extravaganza??
Mendel
Where was Mendel born??
In the Czech Republic in 1822
What was Mendel interested in??
Human deficiency
What are grease letters for??
A , B , AB , O
The 4 blood groups
What are the possible genotypes for the A blood Group??
IA , IA
IO , IA
IA , IB
What are the possible genotypes for the B blood Group??
IB , IB
IO , IB
IA , IB
What are the possible genotypes for the O blood Group??
IO , IO
Which blood group is the universal recipient??
AB Blood
What does Agglutination mean??
Blood Clumping
What is an antigen??
Proteins of a cell surface that generate an immune response
What is an anti body??
’ Y ‘ shape proteins which are a part of our immunisation
How can agglutination be deadly??
The blood cells clog up which can cause blood clotting
Is a patient had AB blood. What blood can they receive?
A,AB,O
What is a mutation??
When something changes the base sequence
Why do mutations sometimes affect organisms??
It changes the protein sequence
Why are many mutations harmless??
If they are picked up naturally
Why are some mutations harmful??
They can hurt an animal e.g. / Pug
Why are some mutations beneficial??
The can be good because they can change the animals lives did the better
Describe a mutation which caused a disease??
Cystic Fibrosis
Which condition is caused because of an extra chromosome??
Downs Syndrome
Describe a beneficial mutation??
Peppered moth - industrial revolution made everything black so the moth turned black so they could blend into the trees
The ways in which organisms differ from each other??
Variation
Range of values
Continuous variation
Yes or no categories??
Discontinuous variation
Continuous variation is …..
Caused by environmental e.g. / straight or curly hair and genetic e.g. / weight and height factors. Lots of genes involved
What type of graph should you use if you have continuous and environmental variation??
Line graph
What graph do you need to use if you have discontinuous and inherited variation??
Bar Graph
