GENETICS Flashcards

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1
Q
  • GENETICS
A

a branch of biology study the heredity and variation of organism

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2
Q
  • genome
A
  • the genetic material of an organism
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3
Q
  • how much genes in the human genome ?
A
  • the human genome consists of approximately 20,000 GENES .
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4
Q
  • what do genes make ?
A
  • each of these genes is an instruction to build a single protein
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5
Q
  • trait ?
A
  • it is any characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring .
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6
Q
  • gene ?
A
  • its a unit of heredity that controls the development of one trait ,
  • Each chromosome carries many genes ,
  • Most genes are composed of two alleles .
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7
Q
  • alleles ?
A
  • two forms of a gene ,
  • Each one comes from each parent ,
  • One allele is dominant and the other is recessive,
  • each one is represented by a single letter .
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8
Q
  • locus ?
A
  • its the position in a chromosome of a particular gene or allele .
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9
Q
  • who is the father of GENETIC ?
A
  • Gregor Johann Mendel , Father of modern genetics born in July 20, 1822 - January 6, 1884 .
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10
Q
  • do the recessive alleles are expressed when dominant alleles are present ?
A
  • NO , Recessive alleles are only expressed when no dominant allele is present .
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11
Q
  • when can the recessive alleles be expressed ?
A
  • it can be expressed when all the recessive alleles are located in the homologous chromosomes .
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12
Q
  • ¨ TT ¨ or ¨ tt ¨ ?
A
  • are homologues alleles .
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13
Q
  • ¨ Tt ¨ ¨ tT ¨ ?
A
  • are heterologous alleles .
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14
Q
  • F1 generation ?
A
  • first-generation offspring are bred among themselves

( self-fertilized ) , to produce the second generation .

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15
Q
  • F2 generation ?
A
  • mendelian ratios are based on this generation results .
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16
Q
  • Punnett square ?
A
  • its a method of visualizing inheritance crosses

- used to solve genetic problems .

17
Q
  • there is two types of genetic crosses ?
A
  • yes, :
  • the first is “monohybrid cross” .
  • the second is “dihybrid cross “ .
18
Q
  • monohybrid cross ?
A
  • in this cross the parent organisms differ is a single characteristic .
19
Q
  • dihybrid cross ?
A
  • in this one the parent differ in two characteristic .
20
Q
  • there is two types of Genotype ?
A
  • yes, :
  • ” heterozygous genotype “ .
  • ” homozygous genotype “ .
21
Q
  • heterozygous genotype ?
A
  • gene combination of one dominant and one recessive “ Tt “ . ( are hybrid genotype ) .
22
Q
  • homozygous genotype ?
A
  • gene combination involving two dominant “ TT “ or two recessive “ tt “ . ( are pure genotype ) .
23
Q
  • what is the phenotype ?
A
  • its the physical traits resulting from a genotype . as color and length .
24
Q
  • what does determines the phenotype ?
A
  • phenotype is determined by its genotype .