Genetics Flashcards
Name the 4 nitrogenous bases on a nucleotide
- A - adenine
- T - thymine
- C - Cytosine
- G - Guanine
What nitrogenous bases match up with each other?
- A with T
* C with G
What are the functions of a cell?
- Structure
- Transport
- Communication
- Metabolism
- Recognition
- Movement
What are the 5 stages of mitosis?
- Interphase
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
What are the 8 stages of meiosis?
- Prophase 1
- Metaphase 1
- Anaphase 1
- Prophase 2
- Metaphase 2
- Anaphase 2
- Telophase
How many pairs of chromosomes are in a cell?
23 pairs
What is asexual reproduction?
Reproduction without a mate
What is sexual reproduction?
Reproduction with a mate of the opposite sex and combining genetic information
What is the purpose of chromosomes?
To carry genetic information (DNA)
What are the three stages of DNA replication?
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
What is mitosis used for?
Growth and repair
What is meiosis used for?
Gamete production (reproduction)
What is heredity?
Genetic transmission of characteristics from the parent to offspring
What is homozygous?
Purebred
What is heterozygous?
Cross breed
What is a genotype?
What the genes look like to make a trait
What is a phenotype?
How a trait physically looks
What is incomplete dominance?
When the genotypes blend
What is co-dominance?
When two characteristics are co-existing
What are the 4 blood groups?
- AB
- A
- B
- O
Blood type AB is a universal…
Receiver
Blood type O is a universal…
Donor
What do make chromosomes look like?
XY
What do female chromosomes look like?
XX
What is a mutation?
A sudden change in normal genes
What is natural selection?
Individuals who’s characteristics are best adapted to their environment
What is artificial/selective breeding?
Selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals
What is evolution?
When breeding leads to a species different from the original
