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Biology Year 10 > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 4 nitrogenous bases on a nucleotide

A
  • A - adenine
  • T - thymine
  • C - Cytosine
  • G - Guanine
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2
Q

What nitrogenous bases match up with each other?

A
  • A with T

* C with G

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3
Q

What are the functions of a cell?

A
  • Structure
  • Transport
  • Communication
  • Metabolism
  • Recognition
  • Movement
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4
Q

What are the 5 stages of mitosis?

A
  • Interphase
  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase
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5
Q

What are the 8 stages of meiosis?

A
  • Prophase 1
  • Metaphase 1
  • Anaphase 1
  • Prophase 2
  • Metaphase 2
  • Anaphase 2
  • Telophase
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6
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are in a cell?

A

23 pairs

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7
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

Reproduction without a mate

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8
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

Reproduction with a mate of the opposite sex and combining genetic information

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9
Q

What is the purpose of chromosomes?

A

To carry genetic information (DNA)

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10
Q

What are the three stages of DNA replication?

A
  • Initiation
  • Elongation
  • Termination
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11
Q

What is mitosis used for?

A

Growth and repair

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12
Q

What is meiosis used for?

A

Gamete production (reproduction)

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13
Q

What is heredity?

A

Genetic transmission of characteristics from the parent to offspring

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14
Q

What is homozygous?

A

Purebred

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15
Q

What is heterozygous?

A

Cross breed

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16
Q

What is a genotype?

A

What the genes look like to make a trait

17
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

How a trait physically looks

18
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

When the genotypes blend

19
Q

What is co-dominance?

A

When two characteristics are co-existing

20
Q

What are the 4 blood groups?

A
  • AB
  • A
  • B
  • O
21
Q

Blood type AB is a universal…

A

Receiver

22
Q

Blood type O is a universal…

A

Donor

23
Q

What do make chromosomes look like?

A

XY

24
Q

What do female chromosomes look like?

A

XX

25
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A sudden change in normal genes

26
Q

What is natural selection?

A

Individuals who’s characteristics are best adapted to their environment

27
Q

What is artificial/selective breeding?

A

Selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals

28
Q

What is evolution?

A

When breeding leads to a species different from the original

Biology Year 10 (1 decks)

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