Genetics

Question 1

What is a hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA?

Answer 1

Gene

Question 2

What is the carrier of genetic information?

Answer 2

Chromosome

Question 3

Describe Protein syntheses:

Answer 3

-Coded by genes - Process whereby proteins are manufactured by the cell based on the genetic blueprint contained in the genes. - Comprised of two steps: Transcription & Translation

Question 4

What is the copying of specific sequence of DNA to produce the corresponding sequence of RNA(mRNA)?

Answer 4

Transcription

Question 5

What type of copying takes place in the nucleus?

Answer 5

Transcription

Question 6

What is the assembly of a new protein molecule using its amino acid building blocks, as specified by the RNA (mRNA)?

Answer 6

Translation

Question 7

What is in the cytosol or affixed to the RER that accomplishes translation?

Answer 7

Ribosomes

Question 8

Translation is accomplished by what?

Answer 8

Ribosomes

Question 9

How long does it take to synthesize a polypeptide composed of 400 amino acids?

Answer 9

20 seconds

Question 10

What is the repeating series of events that takes place in “typical” cells?

Answer 10

Cell cycle

Question 11

What is an important component of the cell cycle?

Answer 11

Replication of DNA

Question 12

What is used as a template to produce to produce an identical DNA double helix molecule?

Answer 12

single DNA molecule consisting of a DNA double helix

Question 13

In DNA replication, what is separated?

Answer 13

The two complementary strands of the double helix.

Question 14

What is an ordinary chromosome; one that does not determine sex of the individual?

Answer 14

Autosome

Question 15

A chromosome that is causally associated with the sex of an individual?

Answer 15

Sex chromosome

Question 16

What are the X & Y chromosome?

Answer 16

Sex chromosomes

Question 17

What are chromosomes of the same kind?

Answer 17

Homologous/homologues

Question 18

What are the characteristics of a homologous chromosome?

Answer 18

1. Have the same linear sequence of genes 2. look alike 3. pair during meiosis

Question 19

What is a diploid?

Answer 19

Humans - Two of every general type of chromosome in ordinary body cells - i.e. a homologous pair

Question 20

What is the position of a gene on its chromosome?

Answer 20

Locus

Question 21

What is the region or regions of a chromosome with which the spindle fibers become associated during mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 21

Centromere

Question 22

What is the natural unipolar chromosome ends in eukaryotes?

Answer 22

Telomere

Question 23

What DNA sequences protect the tips of chromosomes from erosion?

Answer 23

Telomere

Question 24

The absence of what usually impairs normal chromosome behavior?

Answer 24

Telomere

Question 25

What is a group of gene loci that can be placed in linear order, and which tend to be inherited together?

Answer 25

Linkage group

Question 26

What is a gamete?

Answer 26

Egg and Sperm

Question 27

What is the Gametic number?

Answer 27

The number of chromosomes in gametes.

Question 28

What is commonly represented by the letter n.

Answer 28

Gametic number

Question 29

What is the number that is twice the gametic number, or 2n?

Answer 29

Somatic number

Question 30

What are all of the chromosomes collectively together called?

Answer 30

Chromatin

Question 31

What are the different types of chromatin?

Answer 31

Heterochromatin Euchromatin

Question 32

What is an inactive form of chromatin?

Answer 32

Heterochromatin

Question 33

What is an active form of chromatin?

Answer 33

Euchromatin

Question 34

What type of chromatin is invisible under light microscopy?

Answer 34

Euchromatin

Question 35

What is Somatic cell division?

Answer 35

A single somatic cell divides into two daughter cells.

Question 36

What is the quantitative and qualitative division of nuclear genetic material?

Answer 36

Mitosis

Question 37

How does each new cell gets its complement of chromosomes when cells multiply?

Answer 37

Mitosis

Question 38

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 38

Cytoplasmic division -Distributes cytoplasmic constituents among the new cells.

Question 39

The cell cycle is divided into what two events?

Answer 39

Interphase Mitosis

Question 40

What is when: 1. Protein synthesis takes place? 2. Materials are synthesized for later use? 3. When DNA replication occurs?

Answer 40

Interphase

Question 41

Label

Answer 41