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IPAP A&P I Robayo > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA?

A

Gene

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2
Q

What is the carrier of genetic information?

A

Chromosome

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3
Q

Describe Protein syntheses:

A

-Coded by genes - Process whereby proteins are manufactured by the cell based on the genetic blueprint contained in the genes. - Comprised of two steps: Transcription & Translation

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4
Q

What is the copying of specific sequence of DNA to produce the corresponding sequence of RNA(mRNA)?

A

Transcription

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5
Q

What type of copying takes place in the nucleus?

A

Transcription

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6
Q

What is the assembly of a new protein molecule using its amino acid building blocks, as specified by the RNA (mRNA)?

A

Translation

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7
Q

What is in the cytosol or affixed to the RER that accomplishes translation?

A

Ribosomes

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8
Q

Translation is accomplished by what?

A

Ribosomes

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9
Q

How long does it take to synthesize a polypeptide composed of 400 amino acids?

A

20 seconds

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10
Q

What is the repeating series of events that takes place in “typical” cells?

A

Cell cycle

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11
Q

What is an important component of the cell cycle?

A

Replication of DNA

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12
Q

What is used as a template to produce to produce an identical DNA double helix molecule?

A

single DNA molecule consisting of a DNA double helix

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13
Q

In DNA replication, what is separated?

A

The two complementary strands of the double helix.

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14
Q

What is an ordinary chromosome; one that does not determine sex of the individual?

A

Autosome

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15
Q

A chromosome that is causally associated with the sex of an individual?

A

Sex chromosome

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16
Q

What are the X & Y chromosome?

A

Sex chromosomes

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17
Q

What are chromosomes of the same kind?

A

Homologous/homologues

18
Q

What are the characteristics of a homologous chromosome?

A
  1. Have the same linear sequence of genes 2. look alike 3. pair during meiosis
19
Q

What is a diploid?

A

Humans - Two of every general type of chromosome in ordinary body cells - i.e. a homologous pair

20
Q

What is the position of a gene on its chromosome?

A

Locus

21
Q

What is the region or regions of a chromosome with which the spindle fibers become associated during mitosis and meiosis?

A

Centromere

22
Q

What is the natural unipolar chromosome ends in eukaryotes?

A

Telomere

23
Q

What DNA sequences protect the tips of chromosomes from erosion?

A

Telomere

24
Q

The absence of what usually impairs normal chromosome behavior?

A

Telomere

25
Q

What is a group of gene loci that can be placed in linear order, and which tend to be inherited together?

A

Linkage group

26
Q

What is a gamete?

A

Egg and Sperm

27
Q

What is the Gametic number?

A

The number of chromosomes in gametes.

28
Q

What is commonly represented by the letter n.

A

Gametic number

29
Q

What is the number that is twice the gametic number, or 2n?

A

Somatic number

30
Q

What are all of the chromosomes collectively together called?

A

Chromatin

31
Q

What are the different types of chromatin?

A

Heterochromatin Euchromatin

32
Q

What is an inactive form of chromatin?

A

Heterochromatin

33
Q

What is an active form of chromatin?

A

Euchromatin

34
Q

What type of chromatin is invisible under light microscopy?

A

Euchromatin

35
Q

What is Somatic cell division?

A

A single somatic cell divides into two daughter cells.

36
Q

What is the quantitative and qualitative division of nuclear genetic material?

A

Mitosis

37
Q

How does each new cell gets its complement of chromosomes when cells multiply?

A

Mitosis

38
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

Cytoplasmic division -Distributes cytoplasmic constituents among the new cells.

39
Q

The cell cycle is divided into what two events?

A

Interphase Mitosis

40
Q

What is when: 1. Protein synthesis takes place? 2. Materials are synthesized for later use? 3. When DNA replication occurs?

A

Interphase

41
Q

Label

A

IPAP A&P I Robayo (1 decks)

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