Genetics Flashcards
Cloning
Copying the DNA and making an identical copy of it e.g. Dolly the sheep
Mitosis
Making sex cells. Asexual reproduction, responsible for everything meiosis doesn’t do.
Meiosis
Sexual reproduction. Makes gametes = egg (ova) cells and sperm cells
Stem cells
Undifferentiated cells that can turn into any new cell that’s needed
Gametes
Sex cells in animal cells = sperm and egg (ova) cells
Genetic modification
Taking the DNA from one organism and putting it into another to change that organisms characteristics e.g. Jellyfish glow gene into a rabbit to make it glow in the dark
Plasmids
Circular chromosomes found in bacteria. Every plasmid has a unique sequence and plasmids are distributed to the daughter cells
Restriction endonuclease
Cut the plasmids open
Phenotype
What’s expressed that you can observe e.g. Blue eyes
Genotype
Describes the genetic make up of an organisms ( combination of alleles)
Haploid
A single set of chromosomes (23 single cells in egg and sperm cell when they meet they fertilise and create a diploid cell with 23 pairs)
Diploid
Two sets of chromosomes 23 pairs or 46 single cells
Zygote
A fertilised egg cell
Embryo
Ball of cells after the fertilised egg cell develops
Foetus
What the embryo develops into and baby forms from
Homozygous
The same eg BB or bb
Heterozygous
Different eg Bb or Aa
Sexual reproduction
Produces offspring that resemble their parents
Asexual reproduction
Produces offspring that are genetically identical to their parents
