Genetics Flashcards
The study of the way animals and plants pass on to their offspring
Genetics
Characteristics that a child receives from both parents
Heredity
What are cells?
Basic unit of all living matters
What is a cytoplasm?
Substance of a cell outside a nucleus.
This central point of cell contains genetic coding for maintaining life systems and issuing commands for growth and reproduction
Nucleus
There are how many pairs of chromosomes?
23
Difference between mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis- cell divides by copying the DNA-cell splits- new cell with normal number of chromosomes
Meiosis- contains 1/2 sets of chromosomes
The trait seen in person (more powerful)
Dominate gene
Weaker and hides in the background (determine when two of them are present, may show up in future generations)
Recessive gene
Carrier
Has a recessive gene that is not visible
4 factors that contribute to multiple births
- History of family
- Increased hormones naturally
- Fertility drugs
- Age (32-36)
What are alleles?
The different possibilities for a given trait
What are genes?
The sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
Who is the father or genetics?
Gregor Mendel
What is the law of segregation?
It is when two alleles for each trait separate when gametes form
What is law of independent assortment?
Is when genes for different traits are inherited independently for each other
Genotype vs Phenotype
Genotype- the genetic makeup of an organism (the gene or allele combination)
Phenotype- the physical characteristics of an organism
Homozygous vs Heterozygous
Homozygous- two identical alleles
Heterozygous- two different alleles
A diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cause
Punnett square
A situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
When both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
Three or more alleles of the same gene
Multiple alleles
