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Biology LV > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The information that results in plant and animals having similar characteristics to their parents is carried by

A

Genes, which are passed on in the sex cells (gametes) from which the off spring develop.

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2
Q

The nucleus of a cell contains

A

Chromosomes

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3
Q

Chromosomes carry

A

Genes that control the characteristics of the body

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4
Q

Chromosomes are usually found in

A

Pairs

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5
Q

In human body cells, one of the 23 pairs of chromosome ps carried the genes that determine

A

Sex

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6
Q

In females the sed chromosomes are

A

The same XX

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7
Q

In makes the sex chromosomes

A

Are different XY

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8
Q

Different genes control

A

The development of different characteristics of an organism

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9
Q

Some characteristics are controlled by

A

A single gene

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10
Q

Each gene may have different forms called

A

Alleles

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11
Q

Genes operate at a

A

Molecular level to develop things that can be seen

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12
Q

The individual is homozygous for that gene if

A

Both chromosomes in a pair contain the same allele of a gene

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13
Q

The individual is heterozygous if

A

The chromosomes in a pair contain different alleles of a gene

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14
Q

A dominant allele

A

Is an allele that controls the development of a characteristic when it is present in only one of the chromosomes

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15
Q

A recessive allele

A

An allele that controls the develop,don’t of a characteristic only if the dominant allele is not present

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16
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical appearance/ biochemistry of an individual regarding a particular characteristic

17
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic makeup of an individual regarding a particular characteristic

18
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

The joining (fusion) of a male and female gametes, the mixture of the genetic information from two parents leads to variety in the offspring

19
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

No fusion of gametes and only one individual is needed as the parent. There is no mixing of genetic information and so no genetic variation in the offspring. These genetically identical individuals are known as clones

20
Q

What are chromosomes made up of

A

Large molecules of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

21
Q

DNA contains

A

The coded information that determines inherited characteristics

22
Q

A gene is

A

A small section of DNA

23
Q

Each gene codes for

A

A particular combination of amino acids, to make a specific protein

24
Q

DNA is made of

A

Very long strands, twisted to form a double helix, which contains four different compounds, called bases

25
Q

Some disorders are

A

Inherited

26
Q

Polydactyly

A

Having extra fingers or toes - Is caused by a dominant allele and can therefore be passed on by only one parent who has the disorder

27
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

A disorder of cell ,embraces - is caused by a recessive allele.

28
Q

Sickle cell anaemia

A

A disorder affecting red blood cells - recessive allele

29
Q

So,e inherited conditions are caused by

A

Inheritance of abmpnotmal numbers of chromosomes, e.g Down’s syndrome is caused by the presence of an. Extra chromosome

30
Q

………….. Can be screened for the …….. That cause many genetic disorders

A

Embryos can be screened for the alleles that cause many genetic disorders

31
Q

Embryo screening

A

Dna Is isolated from embryo cells
A gene probe that will bind onto the gene for s specific disorder is produced. The probe usually has a fluorescent chemical attached to it.
The probe I’d added to a mixture containing the Dna sample from the embryo.
Uv light is used to detect the probe attached to the gene for the disorder.

32
Q

Concerns about embryo screening includes

A

The risk of miscarriages
The reliability of the information from the screening procedure
Decision about terminating pregnancy

33
Q

Differences in the characteristics of individuals of the same kind may be due to differences in

A

The genes they have inherited (genetic causes)
The conditions in which they have developed (environmental causes)
A combination of the above

Biology LV (9 decks)

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