Genetics

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

The genetic constitution of an organism

ie which alleles they carry

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

A length of DNA which codes for a polypeptide

Question 3

Gene locus

Answer 3

The position of a particular chromosome where a particular gene is always located

Question 4

Allele

Answer 4

One form of a gene

Question 5

Dominant allele

Answer 5

A dominant allele is always expressed in the phenotype, even if the recessive allele is also present

Question 6

Recessive allele

Answer 6

A recessive allele is expressed only if the dominant allele is absent.

Recessive allele is expressed if it’s homozygous

Question 7

Homozygous

Answer 7

When the two chromosomes of one homologous pair carry identical alleles of a gene

Question 8

Heterozygous

Answer 8

When two chromosome of one homologous pair carry different alleles of the same gene.

Question 9

Co-dominant

Answer 9

Alleles are co dominant if both are expressed in the phenotype

Question 10

Multiple alleles

Answer 10

A gene which has more than 2 possible alleles

Any individual can carry 2 alleles of 1 gene, and those 2 alleles could be identical

Question 11

Autosomal

Answer 11

Associated with the non sex chromosomes

Question 12

Sex linked

Answer 12

A condition whose gene locus is on the unpaired part of the X chromosome

This condition will be more commonly expressed in the heterogametic sex

(Ie- Xy)

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

The characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction of the expression of genes with environmental factors