Genetics

Question 1

What is a chromosome?

Answer 1

A long molecule of DNA.

Question 2

What is a gene?

Answer 2

A section of a chromosome.

Question 3

Where is the genetic information found in a cell?

Answer 3

In the nucleus.

Question 4

What is the role of a gene?

Answer 4

It contains the instructions to make a specific protein.

Question 5

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 5

Chains of amino acids

Question 6

Is everyone’s DNA unique?

Answer 6

No. Clones and identical twins have the same DNA.

Question 7

Why can DNA fingerprinting be used?

Answer 7

Each person has a unique pattern which means that you can tell people apart by comparing samples of their DNA.

Question 8

Give two examples of where DNA fingerprinting can be used in real life.

Answer 8

Forensic science and paternity testing.

Question 9

What is mitosis used for?

Answer 9

To generate identical body cells for growth and repair.

Question 10

How many daughter cells are created by the process of mitosis?

Answer 10

2 genetically identical body cells.

Question 11

How many chromosomes do cells made by mitosis contain?

Answer 11

23 pairs.

Question 12

What type of cell division does asexual reproduction use?

Answer 12

Mitosis.

Question 13

Is there genetic variation between offspring created by asexual reproduction?

Answer 13

No. Mitosis results in identical cells so there is no variation.

Question 14

What is meiosis used for?

Answer 14

For creating gametes.

Question 15

Where does meiosis take place?

Answer 15

In the ovaries and testes.

Question 16

How many daughter cells are created by meiosis?

Answer 16

4 genetically different daughter cells.

Question 17

How many chromosomes do cells made by meiosis contain?

Answer 17

23 chromosomes (not pairs!!)

Question 18

Why do sperm and egg cells only contain 23 chromosomes and not 23 pairs?

Answer 18

Because at fertilization, the sperm and egg fuse to create an embryo that contains 46 chromosomes, half from the mother and half from the father. This gives variation in the offspring.

Question 19

How many divisions are there in meiosis?

Answer 19

Two.

Question 20

What are stem cells?

Answer 20

Undifferentiated cells

Question 21

Where are the two places that stem cells can be found?

Answer 21

Adult bone marrow `and embryos.

Question 22

Give two examples of uses for stem cells.

Answer 22

To cure paralysis and to treat blood conditions

Question 23

What do researchers have to do in order to get cultures of one specific type of cell?

Answer 23

Control conditions and environment that they are grown in.

Question 24

Give a reason as to why some people are against stem cells research.

Answer 24

They feel that human embryos shouldn’t be used for experiments since each one is a potential human life

Question 25

Do males have XX chromosomes or XY?

Answer 25

XY

Question 26

Do females have XX chromosomes or XY?

Answer 26

XX

Question 27

What do genetic diagrams show?

Answer 27

The possible combinations of gametes.

Question 28

Who was Mendel?

Answer 28

Mendel was a Austrian monk who did work on genetics and variation

Question 29

True or False. At the time that Mendel was investigating genetics, his results were taken seriously.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

What did Mendel call genes?

Answer 30

Hereditary units

Question 31

What did Mendel say about which characteristic would be shown?

Answer 31

The dominant gene will be shown unless there are two recessive genes.

Question 32

What are alleles?

Answer 32

Versions of a gene.

Question 33

What type of allele causes cystic fibrosis?

Answer 33

Recessive

Question 34

What part of the cell does cystic fibrosis affect?

Answer 34

Cell membranes.

Question 35

What does cystic fibrosis result in?

Answer 35

It results in the body producing a lot of thick sticky mucus in the air passages and in the pancreas.`

Question 36

What type of allele causes polydactyly?

Answer 36

Dominant

Question 37

What is

Answer 37

a