Genetics 3.1-3.4 & 10.1-10.2

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

sequence of DNA that encodes for a specific trait

Question 2

Locus

Answer 2

the position of a gene on a particular chromosome

Question 3

Alleles

Answer 3

alternative forms of a gene that code for the different variations of a specific trait (eg. eye color)

Question 4

Gene mutation

Answer 4

change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
- formation of new alleles

Question 5

Sickle cell anaemia

Answer 5

• base substitution mutation- change of a single base in the gene sequence (GAG to GTG)
• glutamic acid changed into valine
• changes to the structure of haemoglobin, cannot carry oxygen efficiently

Question 6

Human Genome Project

Answer 6

1990s-2003
international cooperation
to establish the full human genome

Question 7

Prokaryotes genetic material

Answer 7

• no nucleus- genetic material free flowing in the cytoplasm region called nucleoid
• single chromosome of circular DNA
• naked DNA- no additional packaging or proteins, DNA only
• additional circular DNA (plasmid)