genetics

Question 0

define and give an example of Mendel’s principle of segregation.

Answer 0

the different traits that show

hair color, skin tone

Question 1

define and give an example of Mendel’s law of dominance.

Answer 1

• dominant alleles always show when present
• recessive only show when homozygous
• codominant
• complete dominance
• incomplete dominance

(punnet squares)
EXAMPLES MAY VARY

Question 2

define and give examples of Mendel’s law of independent assortment.

Answer 2

each parent gives at random one allele for each trait.

one parent gives blond hair, other gives brown

Question 3

how many alleles does an individual carry for a trait?

Answer 3

2

Question 4

what is the relationship between

• gene
• DNA
• trait?

Answer 4

a gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a protein that leads to a trait.

Question 5

free ear lobes (F) are dominant to attached ear lobes (f). what is the genotype of someone who is homozygous for free ear lobes?

Answer 5

FF

Question 6

free ear lobes (F) are dominant to attached ear lobes (f). what is the genotype of someone who is heterozygous for free ear lobes?

Answer 6

Ff

Question 7

free ear lobes (F) are dominant to attached ear lobes (f). what is the genotype of someone who is homozygous for attached ear lobes?

Answer 7

ff

Question 8

cross heterozygous red rose with white rose. show phenotypic and genotypic ratios. (punnett square)

red: R
white: r
simple dominance

Answer 8

R.   |r
     ---------------
     r|. Rr.  |rr
     ---------------
     r|. Rr.  |rr
phenotype: 2Rr : 2rr
genotype: 2 red : 2 white

Question 9

define and give an example of codominance (heterozygote)

Answer 9

the traits blend.

yellow bird and red bird mate
baby is orange

Question 10

define and give an example of incomplete dominance. (heterozygote)

Answer 10

both traits given show

blonde hair and brown hair

blonde and brown streaks

Question 11

define and give an example of polygenic inheritance.

Answer 11

multiple alleles in a population

⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️

Question 12

red = R
white = W
pink = RW

cross two pink flowers. (punnett square) record the genotypic and phenotypic ratios.

Answer 12

R    |   W
----------------
R|  RR  |  RW
----------------
W| RW |  WW

genotype: 1RR : 1WW : 2RW
Phenotype: 1red : 1white : 2pink

Question 13

Black = B
white = W
codominant

cross black hen with chickened rooster. record the genotypic and phenotypic ratios (Punnett square)

Answer 13

B      |     W
--------------------
B|  BB   |    BW
--------------------
B|  BB   |    BW
genotype: 2BB : 2BW
phenotype: 2 black : 2 spotted

Question 14

hemophilia is recessive and carried on X chromosome. cross a woman who is a carrier with a man who has it. record phenotype and genotype ratios (Punnett square)

Answer 14

X      |     X'
---------------------
X' |  X'X    |  X'X'
---------------------
Y  |  XY     |  X'Y
genotype: 1X'X : 1X'X' : 1XY : 1X'Y
phenotype: 1 carrier, 1without, 2with

Question 15

what inheritance pattern is blood type?

Answer 15

complete

Question 16

what are the possible gametes for a person with BbTt genotype?

Answer 16

B, b, T, t

Question 17

which parent determines the sex of the child? why?

Answer 17

father

bc he has X or Y to give while the woman only has X.

Question 18

free ear lobes is an autosomal dominant trait and attached ear lobes are recessive. what is the genotype of a carrier?

Answer 18

Ff

Question 19

what parent do makes get genes for X chromosome genes from?

Answer 19

mom

Question 20

distinguish between autosomes and sex chromosomes.

Answer 20

sex: X and Y
autosomes: everything else

Question 21

what is the normal sex chromosome combination of male and female?

Answer 21

male: XY
: gives X or Y

female: XX
:gives X

Question 22

what is a pedigree?

Answer 22

a family tree of medical things

males are squares female are circles