genetics Flashcards
vocab
Heterozygous
two diffrent versions of the same gene
Recombinant
the joining together of DNA molecules from two different species
Trait
a feature of an organism , can be passed down through generations by genes
Dominant allele
the relationship between two versions of a gene
dihybrid
a breeding experiment involving two organisms that are heterozygous
X Linked
genes located on the X chromosome
incomplete Dominance
neither allele for a trait is completely dominant, resulting in a blended or intermediate phenotype in the heterozygote
Sex-Linked Inheritance
traits determined by genes located on sex chromosomes (X and Y)
Hybrid
diffrent species mating leading to offspring with a mix of traits from parents.
Karyotype
a visual representation of an organism’s chromosomes, arranged by size, shape
Polygenic Heredity
a trait determined by multiple genes leading to a wide range of phenotypes
Genetics
DNA variation
True Breeding
organisms that consistently produce offspring with the same phenotype as the parents, homozygous for that trait.
codomadaince
a genetic phenomenon in which two alleles of a gene are expressed equally
Nondisjunction
the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate right during cell division leading to daughter cells with abnormal number of chromosomes
Testcross
genetic breeding experiment used to determine the genotype of an organism
Phenotype
the observable physical properties of an organism
Y Linked
“Y-linked” refers to genes on the Y chromosome
Gene
a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for a trait
monohybrid
a hybrid that is heterozygous with anither gene
Linked Genes
genes located on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together
Homozygous
describes an organism possessing two identical alleles of a specific gene, inherited from both parents, resulting in a homozygous genotype.
Recessive
one whose expression is masked or overridden by a dominant allele when both are present
