Genetics Flashcards
Where are instructions for making proteins found?
The nucleus
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
nucleotides
What makes up a nucleotide
5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose/ribose),
Phosphate Group
Nitrogenous Base (1of 4)
What are the purines
Adenine, Guanine
What are the pyrmidines
Cytosine, Thymine
DNA orientation
two strands of nucleotides are arranged into a twisted double helix, connected by nitrogenous bases
binding base pairs are called what?
complimentary base pairs
what is the purpose of rna
to interpret the genetic code in dna and direct the synthesis
3 types of RNA
messenger, ribosomal, transfer
What is transcription
process by which genetic informaation in DNA is copied to mRNA
what is translation
process by which amino acids are asembled into proteins as dictated by messenger RNA (occurs in cytoplasm)
base triplet
sequence of 3 nucleotides in DNA
what is mRNA responsible for
transferring genetic information from nucleus to cytoplasm
What is a codon
the mirror image of the base triplet
What happens during initiation in Transcription
RNA polymerase bonds to specific sequence on DNA
What happens during elongation in Transcription
RNA polmerase moves along DNA strand matching RNA nucleotides to DNa nucleotides in gene
What happens during termination in Transcription
RNA polymerase reaches end of gene and mRNA is released
What happens during initiation in Translation
initiator tRNA attaches to start codon
What happens during elongation in Translation
codon recognition, amino acids are added to a polypeptide chain, polypeptide bound to p site is transferred to a site, then every ribosome translocated, shifting by one
What happens during termination in Translation
initiator tRNA is released and the ribosome shifts by one codon, ribosome dissociates into two subunits when codon stop reached
