Genetics Flashcards
is a branch of biology that studies hereditary information. It
deals with the mechanisms of heredity.
Genetics
– refers to the passing of characteristics (ex. Eye color, height,
texture of hair, shape of earlobes, and skin color) from parents to offspring.
These characteristics are called hereditary because they can be passed on
from one generation to another.
heredity
▪Is a portion of DNA that determines a
characteristic.
gene
stores and passes on genetic information from one generation to another.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
It reviews the basic
laws of inheritance
that were described
by Gregor Mendel.
Mendelian genetics
It deals with the
chemical nature of
the gene, the
mechanisms
transmission, and its
varied application
Molecular genetics
is the father of genetics.
He used garden peas to illustrate the mechanisms of heredity.
GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL (1822-1884)
Focuses on the
behavior of as
particular gene in a
group of organisms
and how gene
frequency is affected
by the environmental
Population
genetics
alleles of the genes are present on both homologous chromosomes
homozygous
contrasting expressions or alternative forms of a traits
alleles
contain two different alleles
heterozygous
inheritance
involving one pair of contrasting characters
monohybrid inheritance
is a gene that is responsible
for the observed character (flower color).
genotype
responsible for trait (purple or
white flower)
alleles
the observable expressions
of the trait
phenotype
allele that is expressed and masked the other allele
when both are present
dominant allele
allele that is masked and not expressed when both
alleles are present
❑Recessive allele
is a
table in which all of the
possible outcomes for a
genetic cross between two
individuals with known
genotypes are given.
❑Punnett square
refers to the parents who are to cross or mate
their genes
parental alleles
refers to the offspring resulting from the parental
cross
filial generation
factors affecting heredity includes
rule of unit factors in pairs
* principle of dominance and recessiveness
* law of segregation
* law of independent assortment
which are sets of genetic laws
and rules that explain the factors affecting heredity.
medelian postulat
when an organism has
two different alleles for a given trait, the allele
that is expressed, overshadowing the expression
of the other allele, is said to be dominant.
law of dominance
describes the behavior of
the chromosomes during meiosis.
law of segregation
