genetics

Question 1

What is DNA?

Answer 1

DNA is genetic information
for an organism. It is passed
from parents to offspring

Question 2

where is DNA in a cell?

Answer 2

in the nucleus

Question 3

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 3

DNA is made up of nucleotides, and nucleotides are made up of a phosphate group a deoxyribose sugar and base(ATCG)

Question 4

Describe the relationship between
chromosomes, DNA and genes.

Answer 4

inside the nucleus there are chromosomes, DNA makes up chromosomes and chromosomes contain genes.

Question 5

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 5

makes up DNA and is made up of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar and a base.

Question 6

What are the 4 bases in DNA? What base pairs with what?

Answer 6

Adenine and Thymine, Cytosine and guanine

Question 7

What bonds hold together the bases in DNA?

Answer 7

hydrogen bonds

Question 8

What is RNA?

Answer 8

is ribonucleic acid that decodes and translates genetic info from DNA into proteins

Question 9

Describe how DNA and RNA are similar and how they differ.

Answer 9

DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded. DNA cannot leave the nucleus but RNA can. they both contain ribonucleic acid.

Question 10

What is protein synthesis?

Answer 10

Protein synthesis is the cellular process in which genetic information encoded in DNA is translated into functional proteins through the stages of transcription and translation.

Question 11

What are the 2 steps of protein
synthesis?

Answer 11

transcription and translation

Question 12

What are the 3 steps of transcription

Answer 12

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

Question 13

Initiation

Answer 13

It occurs when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter.This signals the DNA to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the
bases in one of the DNA strands (this is known as the template strand).
The enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mRNA with

Question 14

Elongation

Answer 14

Elongation is when complementary nucleotides are added to synthesise an mRNA strand. RNA polymerase reads the unwound DNA strand and builds the mRNA molecule, using complementary base pairs. Adenine pairs with uracil and cytosine pairs with guanine.

Question 15

Termination

Answer 15

Termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when RNA polymerase crosses a termination sequence in the gene. The mRNA strand is complete, and it detaches from DNA.

Question 16

What is always the start codon

Answer 16

AUG

Question 17

Translation step 1

Answer 17

The mRNA moves through the nuclear pore to the cytoplasm.

Question 18

Translation step 2

Answer 18

The mRNA attaches to the ribosome. The
ribosome moves along the mRNA strand,
reading 3 nucleotides (codon) at a time.
Translation begins at the START codon.

Question 19

Translation step 3 (Translation Cont’d)

Answer 19

After reading the START codon
transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules
transport the amino acids to the mRNA
strand at the ribosome.