GENETICS Flashcards
1943
Loutit and Mollison of England introduced the formula for the preservative acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD).
In 1915, he determined the minimum amount of citrate needed for anticoagulation.
Lewisohn
vein-to-vein transfusion of blood
Edward Lindemann
James Blundell
first successful human transfusion, year 1892
Pioneer of Blood banking techniques
Dr. Charles Drew
1869
Braxton Hicks recommended sodium phosphate as a nontoxic anticoagulant
Discovered the ABO blood groups
KARL LANDSTEINER 1901
Rous and Turner
introduced a citrate-dextrose solution for the preservation of blood
Structures that carry genetic information encoded on double-stranded DNA
CHROMOSOMES
Humans have _____________ pairs of autosomes and _____________ set of sex chromosomes,
22 Pairs : 1 pair
Generative cell cycle
G0 Gap - no division, resting phase
G1 - RNA & protein production
S (synthesis) - DNA replication
G2 - RNA & protein continuation
M (mitosis) - cell division
what does N represents in cell division?
N - represent a single set of chromosome
what is Gene?
smallest unit of inheritance
Genetic locus
Site on chromosome where specific genes are located
Inherited genes; actual genetic makeup
genotype
Alleles
Alternative forms of a gene
Opposite form of a gene, different allele
ANTITHETICAL
Polymorphic
Having two or more possible alleles at a locus
Physical, observable expression of inherited traits; detectable products
phenotype
Pedigree chart:
Visual map that displays a family history and can display inheritance patterns for individual traits
Equal expression of both alleles in phenotype
Codominant
is carried
by either parent or both parents but is not generally seen the phenotypic level unless both parents carry the trait
recessive
Only one allele must be inherited for it to be expressed; gene product always present
dominant
Genes expressed with equal frequency in males and females, on non-sex chromosome
autosomal
TRUE OR FALSE:
Traits are exhibited most commonly in males
TRUE
Mendelian Inheritance Principles
Law of Independent Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment
Inheritance patterns: PUNNETT SQUARE
This states that traits inherited from different chromosomes expressed separately and discretely.
Law of Independent Assortment
These are useful for understanding inheritance of blood groups and ramifications of heterozygosity or homozygosity.
Punnett Squares
Law of Independent Segregation
Two members of a single gene pair passed from one generation to the next in SEPARATE gametes
TRUE OR FALSE
Agglutination reactions are generally weaker for homozygous cells and slightly stronger for heterozygous cells
FALSE
Agglutination reactions are generally STRONGER for homozygous cells and slightly WEAKER for heterozygous cells
CIS is?
Genes inherited on the same chromosome
Trans is?
genes inherited on SEPARATE chromosomes. This can weaken the trait’s expression.
Fill in the blanks:
_____________/secondary/second order occurs when a genetic marker is _____________ in the child but should
have been transmitted by the alleged father
Indirect: absent