Genetics

Question 1

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 1

Producing new organisms from one parent only. These organisms are genetically identical to the parent.

Question 2

Sexual reproduction

Answer 2

Reproduction that needs a male and female parent

Question 3

Chromosome

Answer 3

A structure found in the nuclei of cells. Each chromosome contains one long DNA molecule packed up with proteins

Question 4

Diploid

Answer 4

A cell or nucleus that has two sets of chromosomes. In humans, almost all cells except the sperm and egg cells are diploid.

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

Deoxyribonucleic acid. A polymer made of sugar and phosphate groups joined to bases. One molecule of DNA is found in each chromosome.

Question 6

Gamete

Answer 6

A haploid cell used for sexual reproduction

Question 7

Gene

Answer 7

Section of the long strand of DNA found in a chromosome, which often contains instructions for a protein

Question 8

Genome

Answer 8

All the DNA in an organism. Each body cell contains a copy of the genome

Question 9

Haploid

Answer 9

A cell or nucleus that has one set of chromosomes. Gametes are Haploid

Question 10

Meiosis

Answer 10

A form of cell division in which one parent cell produces four haploid daughter cells.

Question 11

Mitosis

Answer 11

A form of cell division in which one parent cell produces two diploid daughter cells.

Question 12

Zygote

Answer 12

Another term for ‘fertilised egg cell’.

Question 13

Bases (DNA)

Answer 13

Four substances that help make up DNA, often shown
by the letters A, C, G and T. Pairs of bases form ‘links’ between two ‘spines’ formed of phosphate groups and a type of sugar.

Question 14

Codons

Answer 14

A set of three bases (a triplet) found in DNA and RNA. The genetic code is formed from patterns of codons.