Genetics Flashcards
what is genetics?
genetics is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics
what does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
what are the four bases that make up DNA
A- adenine
T- thymine
C- cytosine
G- guanine
3D shape of DNA is…
double lined helix
A is always paired with?
T
C is always paired with?
G
AGT CCA GTA CTA AAT
TCA GGT CAT GAT TTA
define transcription
transcription is a cell that makes up a RNA copy of a piece of DNA
define translation
translation is a cell that makes proteins using genetic information carried by the messenger RNA
what are genes?
genes are small sections of DNA
what is DNA?
DNA is tightly coiled into chromosomes
where is chromosomes found?
chromosomes are found in nucleus cells
why are chromosomes only visible during cell division?
chromosomes are only visible during cell division because they condense together making it easier to see
define genes?
the basic unit of heredity passed from a parent to a child
define chromosome?
the structure found in cell nucleus
define homologous chromosomes?
homologous chromosomes are two chromosomes in a pair, one comes from the mother and the other from the father.
define non- homologous chromosomes?
non- homologous chromosomes are the ones with separate pairings
define autosome?
autosome is one of the numbered chromosomes as apposed to sex chromosomes
define sex chromosomes-
sex chromosomes determine the sex of an organism
define diploid?
diploid is a cell that contains 2 sets of homologous chromosomes
define haploid?
hapliods are single sets of chromosomes found in an organisms cells
how many chromosomes pairs do humans have?
23
how many chromosomes are autosomes?
22
how many are sex chromsomes?
2
female?
XX
male?
XY
