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pre VCE life science > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is genetics?

A

genetics is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics

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2
Q

what does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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3
Q

what are the four bases that make up DNA

A

A- adenine
T- thymine
C- cytosine
G- guanine

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4
Q

3D shape of DNA is…

A

double lined helix

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5
Q

A is always paired with?

A

T

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6
Q

C is always paired with?

A

G

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7
Q

AGT CCA GTA CTA AAT

A

TCA GGT CAT GAT TTA

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8
Q

define transcription

A

transcription is a cell that makes up a RNA copy of a piece of DNA

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9
Q

define translation

A

translation is a cell that makes proteins using genetic information carried by the messenger RNA

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10
Q

what are genes?

A

genes are small sections of DNA

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11
Q

what is DNA?

A

DNA is tightly coiled into chromosomes

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12
Q

where is chromosomes found?

A

chromosomes are found in nucleus cells

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13
Q

why are chromosomes only visible during cell division?

A

chromosomes are only visible during cell division because they condense together making it easier to see

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14
Q

define genes?

A

the basic unit of heredity passed from a parent to a child

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15
Q

define chromosome?

A

the structure found in cell nucleus

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16
Q

define homologous chromosomes?

A

homologous chromosomes are two chromosomes in a pair, one comes from the mother and the other from the father.

17
Q

define non- homologous chromosomes?

A

non- homologous chromosomes are the ones with separate pairings

18
Q

define autosome?

A

autosome is one of the numbered chromosomes as apposed to sex chromosomes

19
Q

define sex chromosomes-

A

sex chromosomes determine the sex of an organism

20
Q

define diploid?

A

diploid is a cell that contains 2 sets of homologous chromosomes

21
Q

define haploid?

A

hapliods are single sets of chromosomes found in an organisms cells

22
Q

how many chromosomes pairs do humans have?

A

23

23
Q

how many chromosomes are autosomes?

A

22

24
Q

how many are sex chromsomes?

A

2

25
Q

female?

A

XX

26
Q

male?

A

XY

pre VCE life science (1 decks)

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