Genetics

Question 1

What is genetics?

Answer 1

The study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring

Question 2

What is a trait?

Answer 2

-Determined by the genes on chromosomes

Question 3

What is a gene?

Answer 3

Segment of DNA that determines traits

Question 4

What is DNA?

Answer 4

-Deoxyribonucleic acid (you don’t need this)
-What makes species unique
-Found in the nucleus on chromosomes
-Has 2 strands that make up a double helix

Question 5

Explain the structure of DNA

Answer 5

-4 base pairs bond together with hydrogen bonds
-Complimentary bases are:
Adenine with Thymine
Guanine with Cytosine

Question 6

What are chromosomes?

Answer 6

-Structures found on the inside of a nucleus of a cell
-Made up of genes and proteins
-In each chromosome pair, one is inherited from the mother and one was inherited from the father

Question 7

How many chromosomes does a typical human cell contain?

Answer 7

46 total (23 pairs)
-22 pairs of autosomes
-1 pair of sex chromosomes (Pair no. 23)

Question 8

What chromosome pair is the sex chromosomes?

Answer 8

Pair number 23
-XX = females
-XY = males

Question 9

Are humans diploid or haploid?

Answer 9

Diploid (2n)

Question 10

Are the gametes (sex cells of a human) haploid or diploid? Explain why

Answer 10

Haploid (n), containing one homologous chromosome from each pair.
-When the sex cells fuse together during fertilisation, a complete diploid set is formed

Question 11

What is a somatic cell?

Answer 11

Cells in the body (idek what this means)

Question 12

Characteristics of a haploid cell?

Answer 12

-Single chromosomes
-Represented by n
-Gametes
-Created by meiosis

Question 13

Characteristics of a diploid cell?

Answer 13

-Double chromosomes
-Represented by 2n
-Somatic cells
-Created by mitosis

Question 14

What are the 2 types of cell division?

Answer 14

-Mitosis
-Meiosis

Question 15

Explain mitosis
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Answer 15

-Produces two genetically identical ‘daughter cells’ from a single ‘parent cell’
-The daughter cell have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cells with identical genes

Question 16

Name some genetic disorders in humans that are caused by the genetic code being incorrect

Answer 16

-Cystic fibrosis
-Albinism
-Sickle cell anaemia

Question 17

Explain meisosis
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Answer 17

-When one cell divides into four new cells
-A diploid cell turns into a haploid cell
-Haploid cells are gametes and have half the number of chromosomes
-Makes gametes capable of fusing with each other during sexual reproduction

(huh)

Question 18

Explain an example of a genetically modified organism

Answer 18

Spider Goat
-gene transferred from spiders to goats
-Causes more protein in goat’s milk
-Milk spun into silk
-Silk used for wound covering (antiseptic), bulletproof, waterproof

Glofish
-Gene taken from jellyfish/coral and inserted into zebra fish
-Used to moderate levels of river pollution