Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

botany > GENETICS > Flashcards

GENETICS Flashcards

1
Q

father of genetics

A

GJ Mendel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

father of modern genetics

A

W Bateson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

father of experimental genetics

A

Th Morgan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

father of human genetics

A

carrod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

term gene was given by?

A

Johannsen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

genotype and phenotype term was given by?

A

Johannsen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

who rediscovered Mendelism?

A

Carl Correns, Tschermak, Hugo de Vries

trick: - chemistry test was hard.
in year 1900

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

experimental year of Mendal?

A

7 years (1856-1863)
“experiment in plant hybridization “ paper was pulished in journal in 1865

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

incomplete dominance was first discovered by?

A

carl Correns ; in mirabilis jalapa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

chromosomal theory of inheritance was given by?

A

Sutton and Theodor Boveri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Quantitative inheritance was first time studied by?

A

J kolreuter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cytoplasmic inheritance was discovered by?

A

Correns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

who gave experimental verification of chromosomal theory?

A

TH Morgan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Linkage was first time observed by?

A

Bateson and Punnet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

term linkage and detailed studied by?

A

TH morgan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

unit of inheritance/heredity?

A

gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is hemizygous term?

A

condition in which only single allele of a gene is present
e.g.-human males are hemizygous for sex linked genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pre Mendelism scientists? and their postulates?

A

trick -
Most-moist vapor P-Pythagoras
Famous-fluid E- Empedocles
Rahul-reproductive A-Aristotle
Pyari-preformation S-Swammerdam
Priyanka-pangenesis Dal se- Darwin
Gandhi ko-germplasm Wish kiya-Weisman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Back cross

A

performed between F1and one of the parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

test cross

A

individual crossed with pure recessive genotype
objective- to know whether individual is homozygous or heterozygous
>if all tall progeny produced - homozygous dominant condition
>if 50% tall and 50% dwarf progeny produced- heterozygous condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mendel studied 7 pair of contrasting traits name them with chromosome no?

A

trick -
1 - FirSt - C (flower colour and seed colour)
4 - remaining (flower position, shape of
pod, length of plant)
5 - PC (pod colour)
7 - SS (seed shape)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe Mendel’s experimental techniques

A

step 1- selection of pure breed

step 2 - hybridization between plants
Emasculation
Bagging
Dusting
Rebagging
Tagging
Crossing
Seed collection

step 3- selfing of F1 to btain F2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Law based on monohybrid cross

A
  1. Law of paired factors
  2. Law of dominance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mendel formulated law of purity of gamete on the basis of which type of cross?

A

Monohybrid crossing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Genotype and phenotype ratio in F2 generation in monohybrid cross

A

PR-3:1
GR-1:2:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Law based on dihybrid cross

A
  1. Law of segregation
    2.Law of independent assortment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Genotype and phenotype ratio in F2 generation in Dihybrid cross

A

PR-9:3:3:1
GR-1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Intragenic/ allelic interactions

A

interaction between alleles of same gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Intergenic/non allelic interactions

A

interaction between allele of two different gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

example of intragenic / allelic interactions

A

1.Incomplete dominance
2.Co dominance
3.Multiple alleles
4.Pleiotropic gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

example of intergenic/non allelic interactions

A

1.complementary gene
2.Epistatic gene
3.Supplementary gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are qualitative characters?

A

characters which are independent of number of dominant allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are quantitative characters?

A

characters which depend on number of dominant alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Example of Incomplete dominance

A
  1. flower colour in Miraibilis jalapa/4 “o”
    clock/Gul e Bansi
    2.flower colour in Antirrhinum
    majus/snapdragon/Dog flower
    3.size of starch grains in pea plant(pisum
    setivum)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Genotype and phenotype ratio in F2 generation in Incomplete dominance

A

PR-1:2:1(Red:Pink:White)
GR-1:2:1(RR:Rr:rr)

31
Q

phenotype of F1 in Incomplete dominance

A

all pink flower; F1 hybrid does not resemble to any of the parent
in heterozygous condition an intermediate phenotype appear

32
Q

describe incomplete dominance

A

in this condition dominant allele is not fully dominant over recessive allele so in heterozygous condition an intermediate phenotype appears

33
Q

describe codominance

A

in this interaction in heterozygous condition both allele are equally dominant and show their independent expression

34
Q

example of codominance

A

1.skin colour of short horned cattles
when a black parent crossed with white
parent , a Roan colored F1 progeny is
produced
2.AB blood group system
3.carrier of sickle cell anemia

35
Q

Genotype and phenotype ratio in F2 generation in Co dominance

A

PR- 1:2:1
GR-1:2:1

36
Q

phenotype of F1 in Co dominance

A

F1 hybrid resemble both parents(mosaic inheritance), intermediate phenotype does not occur

37
Q

describe multiple allelism

A

> more than two alternative form of a gene
multiple allele is formed due to mutation
multiple allele is located on same locus of
homologous chromosome
a diploid individual can have only two
allele of a gene and other allele can be
seen in other members of population

38
Q

type of different possible genotype and phenotype in multiple allelism

A

n/2 x (n+1) and (n+1)

39
Q

example of multiple allelism

A
  1. ABO blood group system (3)
  2. eye color in drosophila melanogaster(15)
40
Q

describe pleiotropic gene

A

gene which control more than one character
these gene shows multiple phenotypic effects

41
Q

examples of pleiotropic effect

A

1.seed shape and size of starch grain in pea
plant are controlled by the same gene
located on 7th chromosome.
(for seed shape B gene shows Dominance over b gene)
(for size of starch grains B gene shows incomplete dominance over b gene)
2.Phenylketonuria (autosomal recessive)
(most of the human genetic disorders are pleiotropic)
3. Sickle cell anemia (autosomal recessive)

42
Q

describe complementary gene

A

two pairs of non-allelic dominant gene shows a similar effect in independent condition.
but produce a new trait when present together in dominant form (at least one dominant allele of both gene must be present to express new trait)

43
Q

complementary gene studied by ?

A

Bateson and punnet
studied on lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea)

44
Q

phenotypic ratio of F2 in complementary gene

A

PR-9:7
(C_P_)-9
(C_pp)-3
(ccP_)-3
(ccpp)-1

45
Q

genotypic ratio of F2 in complementary gene

A

1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1

46
Q

describe Epistasis

A

a gene prevent the expression of another non allelic gene also known as inhibiting gene
epistasis reduces the number of phenotypes appearing in F2
both non allelic gene may be mutually epistatic to each other

47
Q

gene whose effect get suppressed in epistasis?

A

hypostatic gene

48
Q

types of epistasis

A

dominant and recessive epistasis

49
Q

describe dominant epistasis

A

one dominant inhibiting gene is enough to suppress the expression non allelic gene

50
Q

phenotypic and genotypic ratio in dominant epistasis

A

PR-12:3:1(white:yellow:green)
GR- 1:

50
Q

example of dominant epistasis

A

fruit colour in summer squash(cucurbita pepo)

51
Q

Phenotypic and genotypic ratio in dominant epistasis

A

PR - 12:3:1 (white:yellow:green)
A=dominant allele for yellow
a=recessive allele for green colour
B=Epistatic gene over A & a gene
A_B_=9white
A_bb=3yellow
aaB_=3white
aabb=1green

GR -1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1

52
Q

Example of recessive epistasis

A

Color of onion bulb and color of rat

53
Q

Describe recessive epistasis

A

A recessive homozygous genotype at one locus (aa) supress the expression of not allele at another locusa (B_)

54
Q

Phenotypic and genotypic ratio of recessive epistasis

A

PR=9:4:3
ii = epistatic gene
I_R_=9 red
I_rr= 3 yellow
iiR_=3 white
iirr = 1 white

GR=1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1

55
Q

Describe supplementary gene

A

Two non allelic gene which produce their own effect independently when present in dominant state and also interact to form a totally new trait (with both dominant )

56
Q

Example of supplementary gene

A

Comb types in poultry

57
Q

Phenotypic and genotypic ratio in supplementary gene

A

PR=9:3:3:1
P_R_= 9 walnut comb
P_rr= 3 pea comb
ppR_ = 3 rose comb
pprr = 1 single comb

GR =1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1

58
Q

Describe duplicate gene

A

When a non allelic gene determine the same phenotype so that either of the gene is able to produce the character in question

59
Q

Example of duplecate gene

A

Fruit shape in shephered’s purse , cucurbita pepo (additive duplicate gene condition , {T_D_}= shape change)
In cucurbita pepo F2 ratio = 9: 6:1

60
Q

Phenotypic and genotypic ratio in duplecate gene

A

PR = 15:1
T_D_= triangular shape
T_dd = triangular shape
ttD_= triangular shape
ttdd = enlongated shape

GR =1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1

61
Q

Type of phenotype in polygenic inheritance

A

2n+1

62
Q

Phenotypic ratio in polygenetic/Quantitative/ human skin color inheritance

A

PR = 1:6:15:20:15:6:1
20 - mulatto

63
Q

Contribution of each dominant allele in polygenic inheritance

A

Maximum expression - minimum expression/ total number of dominat allele

64
Q

Inheritance of cytogene occurs through male or female ?

A

Female

65
Q

What is cytogene

A

Extra nuclear gene

66
Q

Total cytogene in a cell is called?

A

Plasmon

67
Q

Relation between strength of linkage and crossing over

A

Strength of linkage is inversly proportional to crossing over

68
Q

Describe linkage group

A

All the gene which are located on one pair of homologus chr form one linkage grp
Gene which are present on same homologus chr are inherited together

69
Q

No of linkage group in diploid individual is ?

A

No of haploid no of chromosome

70
Q

No of linked grp in drosophila is ?

A

4

71
Q

No of linked grp in human is ?

A

23
In male linked grp = 24 due to y gene

72
Q

What is cis/coupling arrangement of linked genes?

A

When all dominant allele of a gene is present on same homologus pair of chr
And all recessive allele of the gene present on other pair of homologus chr
++/ab

72
Q

No of linked grp in pisum sativum is ?

A

7

73
Q

What is trans / repulsion arrangement of linked gene?

A

+b/a+

74
Q

What is recombination frequency or cross over value

A

No of recombinant/total no of offspring x 100

75
Q

1st chromosomal map of drosophila was prepared by whom?

A

Alfered sturtevant

76
Q

Chromosomal map provide information about ?

A

Distance between two linked gene
Sequence of different linked gene

77
Q

%age of recombinant in body / eye color experiment in drosophila by morgan

A

1.3%

78
Q

%age of recombinant in eye color& wing size experiment in drosophila by morgan

A

37.2%

79
Q
A
80
Q
A

botany (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions