Genetics

Question 1

where and when does mitosis occur in the human body

Answer 1

takes place in every cell that is not a gamete. creates two diploid cells

Question 2

how does cancer affect mitosis

Answer 2

cell is always undergoing the cell cycle

Question 3

what is the difference between fraternal and identical twins when it comes to mitosis

Answer 3

identical twins for from one fertilized egg that splits, and fraternal form from two different eggs that are both fertilized

Question 4

how many chromosomes are in haploid cells

Answer 4

n (23 in humans)

Question 5

how many chromosomes in diploid cells

Answer 5

2n(46 in humans)

Question 6

what are somatic cells

Answer 6

every cell except gametes.

Question 7

what is spermatogenisis

Answer 7

the production of sperm through meiosis

Question 8

what is oogenesis

Answer 8

production of female gametes through meiosis

Question 9

what is a chromosome vs chromatid

Answer 9

chromosomes consist of two chromatids held together by a centromere

Question 10

what is the deference between asexual and sexual reproduction

Answer 10

sexual reproduction creates a geneticcly diffrent thing and asexxual is the same

Question 11

how many cells created in mitosis

Answer 11

two identical daughter cells

Question 12

how many cells made in meiosis

Answer 12

4 genetically different daughter cells

Question 13

what is a hereditary characteristic

Answer 13

transmitted to kid in fertilization

Question 14

what is a acquired characteristic

Answer 14

change to a organism due to environment or disease

Question 15

what is a allele

Answer 15

codes for a trait

Question 16

what is a gene

Answer 16

they contain instructions to make the body work

Question 17

genotype

Answer 17

the sequence of alleles

Question 18

phenotype

Answer 18

physical trait

Question 19

what is selective breeding

Answer 19

choose parents with specific traits

Question 20

dominate trait

Answer 20

trumps the recessive (AA,Aa)

Question 21

recessive trait

Answer 21

expressed only when homozygous (aa)

Question 22

incomplete dominance

Answer 22

when two parts of a gene are expressed so white and red would make pink

Question 23

monohybrid cross

Answer 23

one trait is being examined

Question 24

dihybrid cross

Answer 24

two traits 4x4

Question 25

what is deoxyribose

Answer 25

the sugar in DNA

Question 26

what does phosphate do

Answer 26

helps keep the DNA strucully together

Question 27

what is adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosines job structurally

Answer 27

structurally they help to hold the DNA together

Question 28

adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosines which bind to which

Answer 28

A with T
c with g

Question 29

what is RNA

Answer 29

Ribonucleic acid

Question 30

function of ribose sugar

Answer 30

forms the backbone of RNA

Question 31

in RNA A,U,G,C,T go with each other in what order

Answer 31

C with G
T with A
A with U

Question 32

describe transcription

Answer 32

the process of making a RNA strand from a DNA strand

Question 33

what is MRNA

Answer 33

instructs cells to make certain protein’s

Question 34

what is TRNA

Answer 34

Transfer RNA serves as a link between the mRNA molecule and the growing chain of amino acids that make up a protien

Question 35

codons

Answer 35

a sequence of three dran or mrna nucleotides

Question 36

nucleotides

Answer 36

adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosines

Question 37

anticodons

Answer 37

on one end of the trna and corresponds with the codon in mrna

Question 38

translation

Answer 38

MRNA and TRNA bind to ctreat a polypeptidechain

Question 39

rna polymerase

Answer 39

builds the new MRNA chain by adding nucleotides

Question 40

what is created during translation

Answer 40

polypeptide chain

Question 41

ligase enzyme

Answer 41

ligasejoins the okazaki fragments together during replication(on the lagging strad)

Question 42

restriction enzyme

Answer 42

cuts a DNA sequence