genetics

Question 1

name the types of RNA

Answer 1

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 2

what happens during elongation in DNA replication?

Answer 2

synthesizes new DNA by joining individual nucleotides.

Question 3

what are the functions of ribosomes?

Answer 3

they synthesize protein and act as support too- they are made up of proteins and rRNA.

Question 4

what is gene expression?

Answer 4

the synthesis of a protein based off of the DNA sequence.

Question 5

what are the binding sites for tRNA?

Answer 5

P site, A site and E site.

Question 6

is DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase faster? why?

Answer 6

RNA, as it does not have the proofreading function.

Question 7

what is DNA mutation?

Answer 7

change in one section of DNA.

Question 8

what direction does DNA replication occur in?

Answer 8

5”-3”

Question 9

what happens during initiation in D.R?

Answer 9

here the process of unwinding the double helix shape occurs.

Question 10

explain lac operon.

Answer 10

in the presence of lactose, allolactase binds to the repressor causing it to unbind from operator.

Question 11

what are the 2 regions on the tRNA?

Answer 11

anticodon loop- base pairs with a complementary codon. acceptor stem- site of attachment for AA

Question 12

what is the purpose of DNA replication?

Answer 12

so that the daughter cell has the same information as the parental cell.

Question 13

why does splicing occur?

Answer 13

they are extra, unnecessary work- if not removed translation would not proceed

Question 14

what is frame shift?

Answer 14

(when inserted/deleted) all amino acids will be incorrect

Question 15

what causes mutation

Answer 15

errors in DNA replication, external factors like chemicals etc

Question 16

explain trip operon.

Answer 16

if there is a high concentration of tryptophan, it binds to the repressor to stop the further production.

Question 17

what is a replication fork?

Answer 17

point where 2 DNA strands are still connected.

Question 18

name the functions of the DNA polymerases.

Answer 18

D.P III- adds nucleotides to the 3” end, D.P I- replaces RNA primers. DP.II-proofreads.

Question 19

what causes okazaki fragments?

Answer 19

it is caused because the lagging strand moves in the opposite direction 3”-5”

Question 20

where does DNA replication start?

Answer 20

origin of replication

Question 21

what are the enzymes involved in DNA replication?

Answer 21

DNA polymerase, helicase, ligase, primase

Question 22

how are nitrogenous bases bonded?

Answer 22

Through hydrogen bonds

Question 23

When does DNA replication occur?

Answer 23

before meiosis/ mitosis

Question 24

what is a polyribosome?

Answer 24

a chain of ribosomes along mRNA.

Question 25

name the functions of the DNA polymerases.

Answer 25

D.P III- adds nucleotides to the 3” end, D.P I- replaces RNA primers. DP.II-proofreads.

Question 26

what can cause chromosome mutations?

Answer 26

translocation (chromosomes switch places), inversion (section of a chromosomes inverts),insertion (parts of a chromosome attach). deletion

Question 27

What happens in elongation in translation?

Answer 27

anticodon loop matches with the mRNA codon. the two amino acids for a peptide bond.

Question 28

where is DNA found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 28

prokaryotic-nucleoid. eukaryotic-nucleus

Question 29

what are the functions of ribosomes?

Answer 29

the synthesize protein and act as support too- they are made up of proteins and rRNA.

Question 30

what causes gene mutations?

Answer 30

substitution, insertion or deletion of base pairs