Genetics Flashcards
1
Q
Define chromosomes.
A
- Genetic info carried as genes in chromones
- 2 types of cells: somatic and gamete
2
Q
Define genes.
A
- DNA organized in chromosomes
- Controls whether which traits are expressed in an organism
3
Q
Define alleles.
A
- One form of a gene
- The different forms of a trait that a gene may have
4
Q
Define hereditary.
A
Way of transferring genetic info to offspring
5
Q
Define homozygous.
A
- Both alleles are the same
6
Q
Define heterozygous.
A
- Both alleles are different
- One recessive and one dominant
7
Q
Define dominant.
A
- Trait that dominates another form of that trait
- Always shows up
- Shown by capital letter
8
Q
Define recessive.
A
- A trait that is dominated by another form of that trait
- Only shows up when there is dominant allele present
- Shown with a lowercase letter
9
Q
Define gametes.
A
- Reproduction cells
10
Q
Define somatic cells.
A
- Any cell in a multi-cellular organism that aren’t gametes
11
Q
Define diploid.
A
- Cell has 2 types of chromosomes
- 2n
12
Q
Define haploid.
A
- one of each chromosome
- h
13
Q
Define phenotype.
A
Physical appearance and behavior of an organism
14
Q
Define genotype.
A
An organism’s genetic makeup
15
Q
Define X-linked.
A
16
Q
Define autosomal.
A
17
Q
What are the stages of mitosis?
A
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis
18
Q
Briefly explain interphase.
A
- DNA replication
- Cell growth
19
Q
Briefly explain prophase.
A
- Spindle fibres form
- Centrioles begin to migrate to either side of the pole
20
Q
Briefly explain metaphase.
A
- Chromosomes move to equator of the cell and align
21
Q
Briefly explain anaphase.
A
- The centrioles of each chromosome split
- Spindle fibres condense and shorten
22
Q
Briefly explain telophase.
A
- Nuclear membrane form around both new nuclei
- Spindle fibres break down
23
Q
Briefly explain cytokinesis.
A
- Division of cytoplasm occurs
24
Q
Briefly explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis.
A
- Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells with 46 chromosomes each whereas, meiosis produces 4 genetically different haploid daughter cells with 26 chromosomes each
- Mitosis involves the replication of somatic cells whereas, meiosis involves gamete cells
- Mitosis involves 1 stage of division whereas, meiosis has 2 stages
