Genetics Flashcards
What does gene mean
basic unit of inheritance, made up of DNA
- sequence of DNA that codes for a protein
what does allele mean
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene.. found at same place on a chromosome
What is homologous chromosomes
two chromosomes in a pair
What does genotype mean
the genetic makeup of an organism
What does phenotype mean
set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment
What does dominant allele mean
Offspring guaranteed to inherit the trait in question irrespective of the 2nd allele
What does recessive allele mean
a type of allele that when present on its own will not affect the individual
What does homozygous mean
carries two copies of he same allele (dominant or recessive)
What does heterozygous mean
Having inherited different alleles of a genomic marker from each biological parent
What does autosomal chromosome mean
One of the numbered chromosomes, as opposed to sex chromosomes
- any chromosome not considered a sex chromosome
What does autosomal gene mean
a specific gene not on a sex chromosome (on autosomal)
What does diploid cell mean
presence of 2 complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair
What does haploid cell mean
the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cell
What is sex chromosome
a type of chromosome involved in sex determination
What is a sex linked gene
characteristics/traits that are influenced by genes carried on the sex chromosomes
