Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOLOGY > GENETICS > Flashcards

GENETICS Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is genetics?

A

Genetics is the study of heredity - transmission of body features from parents to offspring - and the laws regarding such transmission.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who is the father of genetics?

A

Gregor J Mendel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are 2 modern applications of genetics?

A
  1. genetic engineering
  2. genetic councelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

It is a technique where the genetic constitution of an organism is altered by introducing new genes into its chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define heredity

A

Heredity is the transmission of genetically based characteristics from parents to offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define character

A

Any inheritable feature of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define trait

A

An alternative form of a character

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a karyotype?

A

The arrangement of chromosomes on a chart based on their size and shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many chromosomes are present in one cell of a human?

A

46 chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A

A pair of corresponding chromosomes of the same shape and size, one obtained from each parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are autosomes?

A

Autosomes are chromosomes that determine general body features such as complexion, height, seed colour etc.
Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are allosomes?

A

Allosomes - also called sex chromosomes - are the chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism.
Each human has 1 pair of allosomes in a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is the sex of an organism determined?

A

If the egg bearing X chromosome is fused by X bearing sperm - XX - daughter
If the egg bearing X chromosome is fused by Y bearing sperm - XY - son

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who coined the term ‘gene’?

A

Geneticist Wilhelm Johanssen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is genome?

A

The full complement of DNA including all genes and intergenic regions of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an allele?

A

Alleles are alternative forms of a gene that occupy the same position on homologous chromosomes affective the same characteristic in different ways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

The kind of allele that expresses itself regardless of the presence of another allele

18
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

The kind of allele that expresses itself only in the presence of the same recessive allele and gets suppressed in the presence of a dominant allele

19
Q

What is the dominant and recessive allele for the height of a garden pea?

A

Dominant - tall
Recessive - dwarf

20
Q

What is genotype?

A

The set of genes present in the cells of an organism

21
Q

What is phenotype?

A

The observable characteristics of an organism that are genetically controlled

22
Q

What does RR mean?

A

Homozygous dominant

23
Q

What does Rr mean?

A

Heterozygous dominant

24
Q

What does rr mean

A

Homozygous recessive

25
Q

What is sex LinkedIn inheritance?

A

The appearance of a trait which is due to the presence of an allele on the X chromosome or on the Y chromosome

26
Q

What are X linked disorders?

A

The disorders such as haemophilia and colour blindness that occurs due to the presence of a recessive gene on the X chromosome

27
Q

What is haemophilia?

A

It is a genetic disorder in which sufferers are at a risk of bleeding to death as blood fails to clot in them

28
Q

What is the scientific name of the garden pea?

A

Pisum sativum

29
Q

Why did Mendel choose the garden pea for his experiments?

A
  1. The garden pea self pollinated
  2. they were available in pure forms that bred true
  3. A lot of generations could be obtained and studied in a short period of time
  4. many varieties with alternative forms were available
30
Q

What does F1, F2 and F3 mean?

A

F1 - first fillial gen - first generation of offspring

F2 - second fillial gen - second generation of offspring

F3 - third fillial gen - third generation of offspring

31
Q

What is the genotypic and phenotypic ratio of the monohybrid cross in F2 generation if the gametes are
(aa) & (AA)?

A

genotype - 1:2:1
phenotype - 3:1

32
Q

What is the phenotypic ratio of the dihybrid cross in F2 generation if the gametes are
(aa) & (AA)?

A

9:3:3:1

33
Q

What are Mendel’s 3 laws of inheritance?

A
  1. law of dominance
  2. law of segregation
  3. law of independent assortment
34
Q

What is the law of dominance?

A

Out of a pair of contrasting characters, 1 expresses itself while the other remains suppressed.

35
Q

What is the law of segregation?

A

2 members of a pair of factors separate during formation of gametes

36
Q

What is the law of independent assortment?

A

When there are two pairs of characters, the distribution of an allele of one character into the gametes is independent of the distribution of other alleles of the other character.

37
Q

What are the applications of Mendel’s laws?

A
  1. production of better breeds
  2. information about new combinations in the progeny of hybrids
  3. hybridisation to produce new types of plants with new combinations of characters
38
Q

Define mutation.

A

A sudden change in one or more genes, or in the number or structure of chromosomes

39
Q

How did the atomic explosion of Hiroshima, Nagasaki in Japan cause mutations?

A

The radioactive radiations caused the altering of gene structures which caused deformities in the bodies of plants and animals.

40
Q

What is sickle cell anaemia?

A

A blood disease caused by a genetic mutation that causes a change in DNA resulting in the production of sickle shaped RBCs

BIOLOGY (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions