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Botany > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Father of genetics

A

Gregor Johann Mendel

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2
Q

The branch of science which deals with hereditary

A

Genetics

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3
Q

The chromosomes responsible for sex determination

A

sex chromosomes

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4
Q

A hereditary disease in which blood does not clot

A

Haemophilia

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5
Q

The unit of hereditary

A

Gene

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6
Q

Number of pairs of autosomes in humans

A

22 pairs

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7
Q

The condition in which both alleles are identical

A

Homozygous

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8
Q

Monohybrid phenotypic ratio

A

3:1

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9
Q

The chemical substance which constitute genes

A

DNA

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10
Q

The allele which express itself on the other

A

dominant allele

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11
Q

One genetic disease

A

Haemophilia

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12
Q

The genetic make up of an organism

A

Genotype

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13
Q

The cross between one pair of contrasting characters

A

Monohybrid cross

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14
Q

Two sex linked inherited disease

A

Haemophilia, colour blindness

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15
Q

The plant on which Mendel had worked

A

Garden Pea plant (Pisum Sativum)

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16
Q

The type of allele which expresses itself only in homozygous state

A

recessive

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17
Q

A sudden heritable change in the gene

A

Mutation

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18
Q

The part of gene responsible for a particular characteristics in an individual

A

Allele

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19
Q

Genetics is the study of transmission of

A

characters

20
Q

The small differences among individuals

A

Variations

21
Q

Dihybrid Phenotypic ratio

A

9:3:3:1

22
Q

Upon ______________ diploid condition is restored

A

fertilisation

23
Q

Phenotype is the observable character ____________ controlled

A

genetically

24
Q

A quality or characteristic that can belong to only one person

A

trait

25
Q

What is gene?

A

Basin unit of hereditary, located on the chromosome

26
Q

Which one of the following is the phenotypic monohybrid ratio in F2 generation

A

3:1

27
Q

If a pure tall plant is crossed with a pure dwarf plant, then offspring will be

A

all tall

28
Q

The 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 dihybrid ratio is due to

A

independent assortment

29
Q

A plant with green pods and smooth seeds with genotype Ggss will give rise to the following gametes

A

Gs and gs

30
Q

The disease colour blindness is a

A

Recessive X-linked disease

31
Q

The physical expression of a character is called

A

Phenotype

32
Q

Purity of gametes is linked to

A

Law of segregation

33
Q

The phenotypic dihybrid ratio of F2 generation is

A

9:3:3:1

34
Q

If the mother is normal and the father is haemophilic, then their two daughters will be

A

carrier

35
Q

Study of laws of inheritance of characters

A

Genetics

36
Q

Autosomes

A

Chromosomes other than the pair of sex chromosomes

37
Q

A gene that can express only when in a similar pair

A

Recessive gene

38
Q

The alternative forms of a gene

A

Allele

39
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

Chromosomes similar in size and shape

40
Q

Which one of the following genotypes is homozygous dominant and which one homozygous recessive in regard to tongue rolling:
Rr, rr, RR

A

Homozygous recessive – rr
Homozygous dominant - RR

41
Q

Duplicated chromosomes remain attached at a point termed as

A

centromere

42
Q

The full complement of DNA of an organism is termed as

A

Genome

43
Q

The inheritable feature of an organism is termed as

A

character

44
Q

__________ flower position is a dominant trait of pea flower.

A

Axillary

45
Q

Law of Dominance

A

Out of a pair of contrasting characters present together, only one is able to express itself while the other remains suppressed. The one that expresses is the dominant character and the one that is unexpressed is the recessive one.

46
Q

Law of Segregation

A

aka the law of purity of gametes.The two members of a pair of factors separate during the formation of gametes. They do not blend but segregate or separate into different gametes. The gametes combine together by random fusion at the time of zygote formation

47
Q

Law of Independent Assortment

A

When there are two pairs of contrasting characters, the distribution of the members of one pair into the gametes is independent of the distribution of the other pair.

Botany (3 decks)

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