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Biology 2 DE > genetics > Flashcards

genetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

study of heredity

A

passed down from parents

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2
Q

allele

A

different form of gene - dominant, recessive

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3
Q

homozygous dominant

A

AA

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4
Q

homozygous recessive

A

aa

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5
Q

heterozygous

A

Aa

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6
Q

locui

A

spot

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7
Q

Gregor mendel

A

monk, gardner, father of genetics, worked with pea plants, discovered dominant and recessive

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8
Q

mendelian genetics

A

anything that follows genetic trends

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9
Q

punnet square

A

monohybrid cross

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10
Q

phenotype

A

physical characteristics

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11
Q

principle of independent assortment

A

inheritance of one trait has no effect on inheritance of another trait

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12
Q

genetics

A

study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring - traits determined by genes

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13
Q

homologus

A

pairs

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14
Q

karyotype

A

map of 23 pairs of chromosomes - 1 through 22 = autosomes, 23 = sex chromosomes

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15
Q

homozygous is purebred

A

heterozygous is hybrid

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16
Q

self pollination

A

asexual

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17
Q

cross pollination

A

hybrid

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18
Q

sepals

A

protect bud

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19
Q

petals

A

attract pollinators

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20
Q

anther

A

where male gametes made (pollen)

21
Q

stigma

A

sticky for pollen

22
Q

p generation

A

parents, original crossbreed, hybrid

23
Q

f1 generation

A

filial, first set of offspring

24
Q

f2 generation

A

self pollinated of f1

25
Q

principal law of segregation

A

alleles separate, genotype doesn’t stick together from parents

26
Q

complex alleles

A

blood type, trait has 72 alleles

27
Q

agglutination

A

process that occurs if antigen is combined with antibody

28
Q

blood type - Intrinsic factor

A

A, B, O - I

29
Q

IªIª
Iªi
IªI^b
I^bI^b
I^bi
ii

A

type A
type A
type AB
type B
type B
type O

30
Q

Rn factor

A

Rn+/Rn+
Rn+/Rn-
Rn-/Rn-

31
Q

autosomal

A

carrier - carried but not expressed because of dominant covering it, 2 heterozygous make a recessive

32
Q

autosomal recessive traits - diseases

A

albinism
cystic fibrosis
sickle cell anemia
tay-sachs
PKU

33
Q

albinism

A

not enough melanin

34
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

body produces unusually thick, sticky, mucus
clogs lungs

35
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

red blood cell has cresent shape
less oxygen

36
Q

tay-sachs

A

lipids build up in brain

37
Q

PKU

A

can’t break down amino acids
results in brain damage

38
Q

autosomal dominant traits - diseases

A

Huntington’s disease
progeria

39
Q

Huntington’s disease

A

break down of brain cells
causes uncontrolled movements, emotional disturbance, loss of intellect

40
Q

progeria

A

premature aging, alopecia, small face and jaw, cardiovascular problems, wrinkled skin

41
Q

sex linked traits - diseases

A

color blindness
hemophilia

42
Q

color blindness

A

xªy, recessive, only females give ,xªxª

43
Q

hemophilia

A

inability of blood to clot properly, only females give

44
Q

probability

A

chance an event will happen

45
Q

mutations

A

amino acids life because of proteins, only know mutations because of karyotyping
downsyndrome
klinefelter syndrome
turner syndrome

46
Q

down syndrome

A

trisomy (nondisjunction)

47
Q

klinefelter syndrome

A

in males, XXY, usually sterile (nondisjunction)

48
Q

Turner syndrome

A

girls, missing chromosome, X, usually sterile

Biology 2 DE (2 decks)

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