Genetics Flashcards
Cell -> _____ -> Chromosome -> _________
Nucleus -> DNA
Gene is part of a ________ that is composed of ______
chromosome, DNA
How many chromosomes do we have?
23 dad + 23 mom = 46
What is DNA?
A template for the composition of RNA
What is RNA?
Single strand chemical - production of proteins
_____ makes ______, _____ makes protein
DNA makes RNA, RNA makes proteins
________ is the process by which DNA is copied to RNA
transcription
The process in which RNA is used to produce proteins is called ________
translation
______ is the genetic code inherited from parents
genotype
_______ is the observable physical characteristics
phenotype
Both chromosomes have the same gene, but there may be different _____ for those genes
alleles
Different alleles can produce different __________
phenotypes
______ is an identical pair of genes on the two chromosomes
Homozygous
________ is an unmatched pair of genes on the two chromosomes
Heterozygous
Dominant gene will always be expressed in either the _________ or _______ condition
homozygous, heterozygous
______ gene can only be expressed in the heterozygous condition
Recessive
What are monozygotic twins?
Identical Twins - one egg, one sperm that split
What are dizygotic twins?
Faternal Twins - two fertilized eggs with different sperm but during the same pregnacy
What causes changes in gene expression without modifying DNA
Epigenetics
Methylation of DNA and histones causes…..
nucleosomes to pack tightly together
Histone acetylation results in….
loose packing of nucleosomes
What do genes produce?
Proteins
Genes produce _____ that will activate ______
proteins, behaviors
