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BIO 267: Genetics > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A branch of biology that deals with the principles of heredity and the variation in all living things.

A

Genetics

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2
Q

In ____ Gregor Mendel discovered that hereditary characteristics were determined by genes.

A

1866

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3
Q

Applications of Genetics

A
  1. Plant and Animal Improvement
  2. Medicine
  3. Genetic counselling
  4. Legal applications
  5. Genetic engineering
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4
Q

The Father of Genetics

A

Gregor Johann Mendel

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5
Q

Provides the cell’s energy through respiration and oxidation, known as the “Powerhouse” of the cell.

A

Mitochondria

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6
Q

Collect, package, and distribute proteins synthesized at one location in the cell to be utilized at another location.

A

Golgi apparatus

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7
Q

Free floating particles (sometimes attached in ER) that are sites of protein synthesis.

A

Ribosomes

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8
Q

Membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes.

A

Lysosomes

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9
Q

Stores water, nutrients, and waste products.

A

Vacuole

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10
Q

The “control center” of the cell where genetic material is stored.

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

Sites of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

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12
Q

Serves as passageways that transport proteins from the nucleus; aids in protein synthesis

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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13
Q

Is a stiff non-living wall that surrounds the cell membrane
made of cellulose

A

Cell wall

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14
Q

A type of cell division wherein the parent cell produces two identical cells (diploid).

A

Mitosis

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15
Q

Jelly-like material surrounding the organelle

A

Cytoplasm

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16
Q

A type of cell division wherein the parent cell produces two identical cells.

A

Mitosis

17
Q

This process only occurs in somatic cells (body cells), where it contributes to the growth and replacement of worn-out cells of an organism.

A

Mitosis

18
Q

DNA is replicated and the cell prepares for cell division.

A

Interphase

19
Q

The replicated DNA condense into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane disintegrates.

A

Prophase

20
Q

The chromosomes align at the equator, the spindle fibers emerge from the centrosomes, and attach to each chromatid.

A

Metaphase

21
Q

The spindle fibers pull the chromosomes apart to opposing sides.

A

Anaphase

22
Q

The nuclear membrane reappears, the chromosomes uncoil, the spindle fibers disappear, and a cleavage forms.

A

Telophase

23
Q

A part of the cell division process during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells.

A

Cytokinesis

24
Q

A specialized type of cell division wherein it only occurs in gametes and produces 4 haploid granddaughter cells.

A

Meiosis

25
Q

In meiosis, DNA condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear membrane dissolves, the chromosomes pair up, and recombination occurs.

A

Prophase I

26
Q

In meiosis, homologue pairs align at the equator for separation.

A

Metaphase I

27
Q

The spindle fibers pull the homologues apart to the opposite poles.

A

Anaphase I

28
Q

The nuclear membrane reappears the chromosomes uncoil, the spindle fibers disappear, a cleavage forms, and cytokinesis follows shortly thus, producing 2 unique/haploid cells.

A

Telophase I

29
Q

Similar to its mitotic counterpart, except it has half the chromosome number. The chromosomes appear as double structures. The nucleus disintegrates.

A

Prophase II

30
Q

Two new spindle fibers are formed; the chromosomes align at the equatorial plate of their respective spindles.

A

Metaphase II

31
Q

The sister chromatids move to the opposite poles. The chromosomes at this stage are more like the chromosomes in their mitotic counterparts.

A

Anaphase II

32
Q

The DNA uncoils, the nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear, and the spindle fibers disappear. Each of the four daughter cells is haploid.

A

Telophase II

33
Q

The process by which one cell physically separates into two daughter cells at the end of each division cycle.

A

Cytokinesis

BIO 267: Genetics (1 decks)

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