Genetics

Question 1

A branch of biology that deals with the principles of heredity and the variation in all living things.

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

In ____ Gregor Mendel discovered that hereditary characteristics were determined by genes.

Answer 2

1866

Question 3

Applications of Genetics

Answer 3

1. Plant and Animal Improvement
2. Medicine
3. Genetic counselling
4. Legal applications
5. Genetic engineering

Question 4

The Father of Genetics

Answer 4

Gregor Johann Mendel

Question 5

Provides the cell’s energy through respiration and oxidation, known as the “Powerhouse” of the cell.

Answer 5

Mitochondria

Question 6

Collect, package, and distribute proteins synthesized at one location in the cell to be utilized at another location.

Answer 6

Golgi apparatus

Question 7

Free floating particles (sometimes attached in ER) that are sites of protein synthesis.

Answer 7

Ribosomes

Question 8

Membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes.

Answer 8

Lysosomes

Question 9

Stores water, nutrients, and waste products.

Answer 9

Vacuole

Question 10

The “control center” of the cell where genetic material is stored.

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

Sites of photosynthesis

Answer 11

Chloroplasts

Question 12

Serves as passageways that transport proteins from the nucleus; aids in protein synthesis

Answer 12

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 13

Is a stiff non-living wall that surrounds the cell membrane
made of cellulose

Answer 13

Cell wall

Question 14

A type of cell division wherein the parent cell produces two identical cells (diploid).

Answer 14

Mitosis

Question 15

Jelly-like material surrounding the organelle

Answer 15

Cytoplasm

Question 16

A type of cell division wherein the parent cell produces two identical cells.

Answer 16

Mitosis

Question 17

This process only occurs in somatic cells (body cells), where it contributes to the growth and replacement of worn-out cells of an organism.

Answer 17

Mitosis

Question 18

DNA is replicated and the cell prepares for cell division.

Answer 18

Interphase

Question 19

The replicated DNA condense into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane disintegrates.

Answer 19

Prophase

Question 20

The chromosomes align at the equator, the spindle fibers emerge from the centrosomes, and attach to each chromatid.

Answer 20

Metaphase

Question 21

The spindle fibers pull the chromosomes apart to opposing sides.

Answer 21

Anaphase

Question 22

The nuclear membrane reappears, the chromosomes uncoil, the spindle fibers disappear, and a cleavage forms.

Answer 22

Telophase

Question 23

A part of the cell division process during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells.

Answer 23

Cytokinesis

Question 24

A specialized type of cell division wherein it only occurs in gametes and produces 4 haploid granddaughter cells.

Answer 24

Meiosis

Question 25

In meiosis, DNA condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear membrane dissolves, the chromosomes pair up, and recombination occurs.

Answer 25

Prophase I

Question 26

In meiosis, homologue pairs align at the equator for separation.

Answer 26

Metaphase I

Question 27

The spindle fibers pull the homologues apart to the opposite poles.

Answer 27

Anaphase I

Question 28

The nuclear membrane reappears the chromosomes uncoil, the spindle fibers disappear, a cleavage forms, and cytokinesis follows shortly thus, producing 2 unique/haploid cells.

Answer 28

Telophase I

Question 29

Similar to its mitotic counterpart, except it has half the chromosome number. The chromosomes appear as double structures. The nucleus disintegrates.

Answer 29

Prophase II

Question 30

Two new spindle fibers are formed; the chromosomes align at the equatorial plate of their respective spindles.

Answer 30

Metaphase II

Question 31

The sister chromatids move to the opposite poles. The chromosomes at this stage are more like the chromosomes in their mitotic counterparts.

Answer 31

Anaphase II

Question 32

The DNA uncoils, the nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear, and the spindle fibers disappear. Each of the four daughter cells is haploid.

Answer 32

Telophase II

Question 33

The process by which one cell physically separates into two daughter cells at the end of each division cycle.

Answer 33

Cytokinesis