genetics

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

the alternate versions of genes, created by a slight change in the base sequence

Question 2

Cell

Answer 2

the smallest unit of life, either living alone or as part of a larger organism

Question 3

chromosomes

Answer 3

coiled up DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of many cells.

Question 4

cross pollination

Answer 4

pollen moving from one flower to another to increase variation.

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

the instruction carrying molecule, made of bases, sugar and phosphate.

Question 6

dominant allele

Answer 6

the allele which only requires one copy to be present in the genotype, in order to be expressed in the organisms

Question 7

fertilisation

Answer 7

the joining of a male and female sex cells

Question 8

Gamete

Answer 8

the main name for any sex cells; male or female, plant or animal

Question 9

Clones

Answer 9

individuals whose GENETIC CODE is identical to that of another individual ( engineered or natural- e.g identical twins

Question 10

Gene

Answer 10

The code for one particular trait ( feature ) of an organism, such as hair colour, height, size of feet. It is made up of a pair of alleles

Question 11

Genetic Code

Answer 11

a general name for the “blue prints” carried by organisms in their chromosomes. ( this can also be known as genetic material.)

Question 12

Genetic Engineering

Answer 12

People using chemicals, radiation techniques and other methods to change the genetic code of organisms

Question 13

Genetic variation

Answer 13

the difference between members of the same species. Only identical twins and clones don’t have genetic variation .

Question 14

Genotype

Answer 14

the two letter code showing the 2 alleles present for the gene the code for the alleles being discussed; e.g Bb= one brown-eyed allele (B) plus one blue-eyed allele

Question 15

Heterozygous

Answer 15

when the two alleles are different; E.g Bb

Question 16

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 16

The matching pair of chromosomes in the cell: 1 is from the mother and 1 is from the father

Question 17

Homozygous

Answer 17

Having 2 pf the same alleles for the gene: BB or bb for the eye colour gene

Question 18

meiosis

Answer 18

Cell division for sexual reproduction: creates the gametes ( haploid n)

Question 19

mitosis

Answer 19

cell division for growth and repair: creates body cells (diploid 2n)

Question 20

Offspring

Answer 20

The general name for the offspring of an organism.

Question 21

phenotype

Answer 21

the physical expression of a gene : eye colour, height, hair line .

Question 22

Recessive allele

Answer 22

the allele which only requires two copies to be present in the genotype, in order to be expressed in the organism phenotype