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science 2020 flashcards > genetics > Flashcards

genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are chromosomes?

A

structures in cells made of proteins and DNA

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2
Q

where do you get your chromosomes from?

A

your mom and dad (parents)

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3
Q

What is the sex-chromosome combination for females?

A

XX

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4
Q

What is the sex-chromosome combination for males?

A

XY

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5
Q

What is an inherited trait?

A

A trait passed down from parents to offspring

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6
Q

What is an acquired trait?

A

A trait that one learns during their lifetime

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7
Q

What is heredity?

A

The passing down of inheritable traits from one trait to the next

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8
Q

What is a gene?

A

A part of a chromosome that contains the code for a specific trait?

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9
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different versions of genes that are represented by letters

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10
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

A dominant allele is an allele that will always be shown in the phenotype when at least one is present in the genotype.

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11
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

A recessive allele is an allele that represents a trait that is hidden when there is a dominant allele present in the genotype.

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12
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

purebred - 2 of the same allele in the genotype

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13
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

hybrid - different alleles in the genotype

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14
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The physical description of a trait that an organism has

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15
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The letter representation of the combination of alleles

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16
Q

What is a Mendelian trait?

A

A trait that has two alleles, a dominant allele and a recessive allele

17
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

heterozygous genotype and the alleles mix to make a new variation of the trait that is a mix of the two alleles

18
Q

What is co-dominance?

A

heterozygous and both alleles are dominant so they are both represented

19
Q

What is a sex-linked trait?

A

A sex linked trait is a trait that is carried on the sex chromosomes.

20
Q

Why do sex linked traits affect males more?

A

males only have 1 copy of the X chromosomes, so even if the trait is recessive, they only need 1 copy of it for it to be expressed.

21
Q

How are sex-linked traits written?

A

A superscript next to the X

22
Q

What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?

A

meiosis is meant for reproduction (4 daughter cells) and mitosis is meant for copying or duplicating cells (2 daughter cells)

science 2020 flashcards (5 decks)

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