Genetics Flashcards
Genetics
branch of biology that deals with the hereditary and variation of organisms
heredity
the natural process by which physical and mental qualities are passed from parent to child
chromosomes
found in the cell nucleus. contain the recipe for making a living thing and are made of strands of DNA
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA is shaped like a
spiral staircase
“Handrails”
nucleotides
“steps”
bases (ATGC)
4 bases and how they pair
ADENINE - THYMINE
GUANINE - CYTOSINE
A T G C
All teachers go crazy
genes
segments of DNA are the ingredients that code for proteins
proteins
responsible for building, regulating, and maintaining your body
Gregor Medel
was the first person to describe how traits are inherited from generation to generation
inherited
to recieve a gene from a parent during reproduction. Usually you recieve half from the father and half from the mother
generation
the offspring that results from reproduction
phenotype
observable characteristics and traits
genotype
your genetic identity also a particular gene or set of genes carried by an individual
traits
inherited characteristics that are found in the phenotype and genotype of an organism
dominant trait
trait that will appear if one of the parents contributes it
recessive
must be contribute by both parents to make it appear
homozygous
carries two dominant or two recessive genes for a trait
heterozygous
carries two different genes for a trait
mutation
the changing of the structure of a gene
resulting in a variant that may be transmitted to subsequent generations
can be caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA or the deletion, insertion, rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes
genes can mutate..
in various ways
