Genetics Flashcards
1
Q
DNA
A
- Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
- Looks like a twisted ladder
- Responsible for the transmission of characteristics from one generation to another
- Sides of the ladder are made up of a sugar-phosphate backbone
- The rungs of the ladder are connected with base pairs.
2
Q
Chromosomes
A
- In the nucleus of of cells
- Chromosomes are strands of DNA tightly coiled
- Total of 46 - 23 pairs
- Made up of proteins
3
Q
Gene
A
- Many genes in a chromosome
- A single unit of inheritance
- Characteristics of an organism
- Made up of DNA
- Is the code for what the organisms are like, how they act, how they survive, its appearance
4
Q
Nucleotide
A
- Contains one sugar, phosphate and base
- Basic building block for DNA
5
Q
Thymine
A
- Attached to each sugar is one of four bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine
- Make up DNA
6
Q
Mitosis
A
- To make two identical cells with identical chromosomes
7
Q
Prophase
A
- Prophase is where the chromosomes are all packed into the nucleus spindle fibres on the outside.
8
Q
Metaphase
A
- Metaphase is when the chromosomes are no longer in the nucleus and the spindle fibres connect to the chromosomes and each other. The chromosomes align along the middle of the cell.
9
Q
Anaphase
A
- Anaphase is next when the spindle fibres start to pull the chromosomes apart and towards themselves.
10
Q
Telophase
A
- Telophase when the spindle fibres have pulled the chromosomes in and made their own cells which are conjoined creating a cleavage furrow.
- These cells are identical.
11
Q
Describe the difference between mitosis and meiosis
A
Meiosis doubles the process of mitosis
12
Q
Meiosis
A
- Creates sex cells
- When a single cell divides twice to create four different cells containing half the original amount of genetic information
13
Q
Interphase
A
- Cell growing
14
Q
Gamete
A
- Sex cells
15
Q
Spindle Fibres
A
- In cells
- Look like spiders
- Separates the chromosomes
