Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sophie's and Isla's Study Sesh > Genetics 101 > Flashcards

Genetics 101 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the Nucleus?

A

The organelle within a cell that contains DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the definition for Chromosome?

A

A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and proteins found in the nucleus of most living cells. Carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the definition for DNA?

A

A self replicating molecule present in nearly all living organisms. It is the main constituent of chromosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the definition for Homologous?

A

Having the same structural features and patterns of genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the definition for Gene?

A

A short length of DNA that carries the genetic code for a particular characteristic or cell activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the definition for Allele?

A

Different forms of the same gene. They can be dominant or recessive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the definition for Nucleotide?

A

Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of DNA composed of a sugar, phosphate and a base.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the definition for base?

A

Parts of DNA that are involved in pairing. The bases on DNA are Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine and Thymine. C and G always go together and A and T always go together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the definition for Amino acids?

A

Compounds made from amine (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) An amino acid is an organic compound, and it serves as a building block for proteins. Each amino acid contains an amino group and a carboxylic acid group. Amino acids are important because they make up proteins, which are a vital part of your diet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the definition for a protein?

A

A protein is a naturally occurring, extremely complex substance that consists of amino acid residues joined by peptide bonds. Proteins are present in all living organisms and include many essential biological compounds such as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the definition for a trait?

A

A trait is a specific characteristic of an organism. Traits can be determined by genes or the environment, or more commonly by interactions between them. The genetic contribution to a trait is called the genotype.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the definition for being dominant?

A

An allele which is always expressed, even if only one is present. Dominant alleles are assigned uppercase letters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the definition for being recessive?

A

An allele that is only expressed when both alleles are recessive in the organism. recessive alleles are assigned lowercase letters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the definition for Genotype

A

The specific alleles that occur in an organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the definition for phenotype?

A

The observable characteristics of and organism resulting form it’s genotype.

17
Q

What is the definition for Pure breed?

A

An organism that has two alleles of the same type for a particular trait.

18
Q

What is the definition for homozygous?

A

Having two alleles of the same type for a particular trait.

19
Q

What is the definition for heterozygous?

A

Having two alleles of different types for a particular trait.

20
Q

What is the definition for pedigree chart?

A

A chart or diagram showing the phenotypes of related individuals.

21
Q

What is the definition for Test Cross?

A

A cross or diagram showing the phenotypes of related individuals.

22
Q

What is the definition for Genetic variation?

A

The genetic difference between organisms within a population. It can be continuous or discontinuous.

23
Q

What is the definition for Meiosis?

A

A type of cell division used to produce cells (gametes) for sexual reproduction that are different to each other, and to the parent cell.

24
Q

What is the definition for Gamete?

A

Male or female reproductive cells ( Sperm or Ova ) that contain half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell.

25
Q

What is the definition for zygote?

A

A fertilised ova ( egg ) that contains a full set of chromosomes.

26
Q

What is the definition for Asexual reproduction?

A

Reproduction involving only two parents. The offspring are different to the parent and to each other.

27
Q

What is the definition for Sexual reproduction?

A

Reproduction involving only two parents. The offspring are different to the parent and to each other.

28
Q

What is the definition for Mutation?

A

A change in the base sequence of DNA

29
Q

What is the definition for Crossing over?

A

A process that occurs during meiosis whereby sections of homologous chromosomes are exchanged

30
Q

What is the definition for independent assortment?

A

A process that occurs during meiosis whereby the chromosomes line up in random order before separating, creating unique gametes.

31
Q

Explain the relationship between cells, nucleus, chromosomes and DNA.

A

Chromosomes carry genetic information in a molecule called DNA. A type of cell division called mitosis ensures that when a cell divides each new cell produced has the same genetic information. DNA exists in a cell’s nucleus within structures called chromosomes .

Sophie's and Isla's Study Sesh (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions