Genetic Variaton Flashcards
what is an allele?
Different version of the same gene
Define a gene?
short section of DNA, determines the characterisitcs
two types of reproduction?
Asexual and Sexual
name two aspects of Sexual reproduction?
- )two parents are needed
2. )nonidentical to parent
name two aspects of asexual reproduction?
- )One parent needed only
2. )genetically identical to parents
Natural selection??
having the desired characteristics and are better adapted so they arent preys.
What sort of organisms can be genetically modified?
Plants and animals
Which vectors can be used in genetic modification?
Viruses and plasmids
How was ‘Dolly the sheep’ produced?
cloning
What is an explant?
A small piece of plant used in micropropagation
What is one advantage of producing plants by tissue culture?
Tissue culture allows genetically identical plants with desirable characteristics to be produced. The variety will be the same as the parent plant and will change if a different nutrient medium is used.
What is an enucleated cell?
An enucleated cell has had its nucleus removed. It is used in cloning.
What type of nucleus is used in cloning a mammal?
A diploid nucleus is used in cloning, as this has all the pairs of chromosomes found in body cells. Mitosis is the type of cell division that produces identical cells, for example for growth or repair.
What does transgenic mean?
Transgenic means the transfer of genetic material from one species to another. Polysomy is where there are extra copies of chromosomes in the nucleus.
The nucleus from an udder cell is taken from sheep A. It is put into an egg cell from sheep B that has no nucleus. This cell is then put into a host mother, sheep C. Which statement about the resulting lamb is correct?
The lamb will be a clone of sheep A because sheep A provided the nucleus. The enucleated cell from sheep B has no nucleus. Sheep C is a host, used only so that the new cell can develop into a lamb ready to be born.
