genetic variation

Question 1

what is a genotype

Answer 1

genetic makeup of an organism

Question 2

what is a phenotype

Answer 2

visible characteristics of organism e.g. coat colour

Question 3

what 2 things influence a phenotype

Answer 3

genotype
environment

Question 4

what genetic factors lead to genetic variation

Answer 4

sexual reproduction
mutations

Question 5

what is the term given to certain chemical agents which increase the rate of mutation

Answer 5

mutagens

Question 6

what are the three types of mutagen

Answer 6

physical mutagenic agent
chemical mutagenic agent
biological mutagenic agent

Question 7

what is a deletion

Answer 7

type of chromosome mutation

when part of a chromosome is lost and it contains genes

Question 8

what is duplication

Answer 8

type of chromosome mutation
a piece of chromosome may be duplicated, over expression of genes is harmful and disrupt metabolism

Question 9

how does genetic variation occur during meiosis

Answer 9

allele shuffling
independent assortment of chromosomes during metaphase and anaphase 1
independent assortment of chromatids during metaphase and anaphase 2

Question 10

what are environmental factors which affect genetic variation

Answer 10

losing limb due to injury

Question 11

what is the difference between haploid and diploid

Answer 11

haploid- gametes, single set of chromosomes

diploid- body cells, 2 sets of chromosomes, 2n , full set

Question 12

what does 2n mean

Answer 12

diploid cell
2n=46 CHROMOSOMES
therefore means 23 chromosomes (haploid).