Genetic Traits & Disorders

Question 1

heterozygous females recessive – don’t express and do carry the trait

Answer 1

sex linked inheritance

Question 2

what are all changes possible in chromosome structure

Answer 2

• deletion
• duplication
• translocation
• inversion

Question 3

dominant allele mutation of autosomal cell

Answer 3

autosomal dominant inheritance

Question 4

males X chromosome is always completely turned “on”

Answer 4

X chromosome inheritance

Question 6

• Huntington’s disease
• polydactyly
• achondroplasia

Answer 6

autosomal dominant inheritance

Question 7

parts of each female’s X-chromosome’s are turned “on” while other parts are turned “off”

Answer 7

X chromosome inheritance

Question 8

mutation on the X chromosome

Answer 8

sex linked inheritance

Question 9

males with an extra X chromosome (sterile males, sometimes mild retardation) (XXY)

Answer 9

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Question 10

X chromosome inheritance in females allows some unique traits to females such as colors in cats called _______.

Answer 10

calico

Question 11

affects homozygous recessive only

Answer 11

autosomal recessive inheritance

Question 12

Gene fragment joins nonhomologous chromosome

Answer 12

translocation

Question 13

either male or female can carry

Answer 13

autosomal recessive inheritance

Question 14

presence in female of male sex hormones that influences the expression of certain human traits

Answer 14

sex influenced traits

Question 15

traits controlled by two or more alleles

Answer 15

polygenic traits

Question 16

gene fragment joins homologous chromosomes

Answer 16

duplication

Question 17

doesn’t die out because it may not affect reproduction or onset occurs after reproductive age

Answer 17

autosomal dominant inheritance

Question 18

occurs mostly in plants

Answer 18

polyploidy

Question 19

an extra 21st chromosome

Answer 19

down syndrome

Question 20

• skin color
• eye color
• hair color

Answer 20

polygenic traits

Question 21

• hemophilia

* Color blindness

Answer 21

sex linked inheritance

Question 21

loss of a segment

Answer 21

deletion

Question 24

homozygous dominant females – express don’t carry

Answer 24

sex linked inheritance

Question 25

fragment is inverted and reinserted

Answer 25

inversion

Question 27

1 chromosome missing completely

Answer 27

monosomy

Question 28

males will express the trait and carry to daughters

Answer 28

sex linked inheritance

Question 28

these traits show degrees of variation

Answer 28

polygenic traits

Question 29

an extra chromosome of one of the pairs

Answer 29

trisomy

Question 30

failure of chromosomes separating in either mitosis and meiosis (can happen with autosomal or sex chromosomes)

Answer 30

non-disjunction

Question 30

what are all changes possible in chromosome number

Answer 30

* non-disjunction * monosomy * trisomy

Question 31

females with an extra X-chromosome (they are fertile, sometimes taller, increased chance of mental retardation) (XXX)

Answer 31

trisomy X syndrome

Question 32

* albinism * sickle cell anemia * PKU * tay-Sachs

Answer 32

autosomal recessive inheritance

Question 32

baldness (males – dominant, females – recessive)

Answer 32

sex influenced traits

Question 33

what used to be nicknamed 'the criminal gene'?

Answer 33

double Y syndrome

Question 34

examinations of the person's genetic make up including their family history and any genetic disorders (Karyotypes & blood sales are used)

Answer 34

genetic counseling and screening

Question 35

condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes

Answer 35

polyploidy

Question 36

females with only one X chromosome (very rare condition, sterile females (no baby), short in stature, never mature sexually) (X)

Answer 36

turner's syndrome

Question 37

types of controlled breeding

Answer 37

* mass selection * hybridization * inbreeding

Question 38

The process of selecting individuals with desirable traits to produce the next generation of offspring

Answer 38

controlled breeding

Question 39

raising a large number of species and selecting the best of each generation for further breeding

Answer 39

mass selection

Question 40

method of crossing two different species, breeds, varieties, or pure lines

Answer 40

Hybridization

Question 41

rarely occurs in animals – usually fatal

Answer 41

Polyploidy

Question 42

The goal is to pass on the best traits from the parents to the offspring

Answer 42

hybridization

Question 43

used to maintain the characteristics of pedigrees in dogs

Answer 43

inbreeding

Question 44

approximately 25% of pregnancies are spontaneously aborted because of some type of _______.

Answer 44

non-disjunction

Question 44

has allowed many new species and varieties

Answer 44

polyploidy

Question 45

method involves mating genetically similar organisms

Answer 45

inbreeding

Question 46

_______ are made by completing mass selection and then following it with inbreeding

Answer 46

pure lines

Question 47

New crops and animals have been made from this

Answer 47

hybridization

Question 48

can increase the breeds diseases and deformities

Answer 48

inbreeding

Question 49

production of organisms with identical genes

Answer 49

cloning

Question 50

made during genetic engineering (transferring DNA segments from one organism into DNA of another organism) The new DNA is called _______

Answer 50

recombinant DNA

Question 51

The lack of pigment (can happen on all animals and all humans)

Answer 51

albinism

Question 52

when the red blood cells are sick old (shriveled) red blood cells (they carry oxygen) cannot carry oxygen well

Answer 52

sickle cell anemia

Question 53

cannot consume phenylalanine, have to have a special diet – if they digested, can cause brain damage (common in African-Americans)

Answer 53

PKU

Question 54

PKU stands for _______

Answer 54

phenylketonuria

Question 55

Cherry spot on the eyeball. At around 18 months child will regress (stop walking, talking, etc.) at around age 5, they will die

Answer 55

tay-Sachs

Question 56

A common fruit that gets cloned

Answer 56

bananas

Question 57

at around age 30-50 your brain will slowly break down – degenerative brain

Answer 57

Huntington's disease

Question 58

extra digits (fingers and toes)

Answer 58

polydactyly

Question 59

another form of dwarfism

Answer 59

achondroplasia

Question 60

can't see certain colors (red and green are the most common)

Answer 60

Color blindness

Question 61

not produced the right amount of clotting factor

Answer 61

hemophilia

Question 62

recessive allele mutation of autosomal cell

Answer 62

autosomal recessive inheritance

Question 63

males with an extra Y chromosome (usually fertile, taller, sometimes with higher aggression) (XYY)

Answer 63

double Y syndrome

Question 64

examples of non-disjunction

Answer 64

* trisomy X syndrome * Klinefelter syndrome * Down syndrome * double Y syndrome * Turner's syndrome