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Spanish/Social Studies/Science ig > Genetic Terms > Flashcards

Genetic Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Tetrads

A

2 homologous pairs joined together (4 chromatids, 2 centromeres)

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2
Q

Crossing Over

A

Chromosomes of the same type are lined up in Meiosis

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3
Q

Independent Assortment

A

The alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes
independently of one another.

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4
Q

Nondisjunction

A

The failing of homologous chromosome or sister chromatids to separate
correctly in cell division.

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5
Q

Haploid Chromosome Number

A

The chromosome number of the gametes of a given species (every breed of a species has the same) Half the species diploid number

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6
Q

Diploid Chromosome Number

A

The chromosome number of somatic cells of a given species (every breed of a species has the same) is Twice the species haploid number.

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7
Q

Twisted Double Helix

A

Term used to describe DNA. The top and bottom are twisted in different directions

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8
Q

James Watson and Frances Crick

A

Scientists that discovered the Twisted Double Helix

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9
Q

Sugar-phosphate backbone

A

Forms the structural framework of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA

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10
Q

Nucleotides that comprise DNA

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

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11
Q

Nucleotide base-pairing in DNA

A

A and T and G and C

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12
Q

Genotype

A

The letter combination that shows which alleles are present in a
organism

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13
Q

Phenotype

A

The actual appearance of an expressed trait.

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14
Q

Dominant

A

The gene that codes for a trait that is visible or always expressed

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15
Q

Recessive

A

The gene that codes for a trait that’s invisible or expressed only when
2 recessive alleles are present.

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16
Q

Allele

A

Variation of the same sequence of nucleotides at the same place on a
long DNA molecule

17
Q

Homozygous

A

A genotype showing 2 identical alleles, AA or aa

18
Q

Heterozygous

A

A genotype showing 2 different alleles, Aa

19
Q

Punnett Square

A

A square diagram to predict the genotypes of a particular cross
breeding

20
Q

Pure-bred

A

Not mixed types in the breeding, the offspring is the same as both parents

21
Q

Hybrid

A

Off spring of 2 animals or plants of different subspecies, breeds or
varieties

22
Q

Heredity

A

Traits passed down from parents to there offspring

23
Q

Probability

A

A calculated chance of something occurring or not occurring.

24
Q

Gametes in plants

A

Male gametes are in the tiny pollen grains on the anthers of the flower.
Female gametes are found in the ovules of the flower.

25
Q

Gametes in animals

A

Female gametes are egg cells and male gametes are called sperm

26
Q

Meiosis

A

Does PMAT twice and only for gametes (Sex cells). Ends with 4 different genetically cells

27
Q

Mitosis

A

Does PMAT once and only for somatic cells (Body cells). Ends with 2 identical daughter cells.

28
Q

Budding

A

Asexual reproduction in which new organisms develops from an
outgrowth or bud due to cell division happening once (Mitosis)

29
Q

Tubers

A

Large structure in plants used as storage organs in plants to store nutrients

30
Q

Runners

A

A side stem that grows horizontally along the ground, giving rise to the
roots

31
Q

Plantlets

A

A very small or young plant.

32
Q

Cuttings

A

A plant section from the stem, leaf or root and is able of developing a
new plant

33
Q

Fragmentation

A

Organism divided into minor fragments.

34
Q

Regeneration

A

Regrowing either a damaged or removed body part in certain animals

35
Q

Binary Fission

A

Separation of Bacteria into 2 new bodies.

36
Q

Internal fertilization

A

Union of a egg and sperm during sexual reproduction inside the females
body

37
Q

External fertilization

A

Union of a egg and sperm during sexual reproduction outside the females body

Spanish/Social Studies/Science ig (35 decks)

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