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AP Biology (Grade 11) > Genetic Processes > Flashcards

Genetic Processes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the non-abbreviated form of DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

What is DNA?

A

A molecule that contains instructions for making all the proteins in a cell

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3
Q

What are the roles of proteins and give an example of each?

A

Structural (skin, hair, blood vessels)
Catalysts (enzymes)
Communication (hormones)

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4
Q

The bases DNA is made of:

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
A, T, G, C

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5
Q

The order of the bases in a DNA strand is called:

A

The genetic code

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6
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA that contains the instructions to produce a protein

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7
Q

What is responsible for producing proteins

A

Genes

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8
Q

The set of all the genes and genetic material in an organism:

A

Genome

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9
Q

Subunits that DNA is made of:

A

Nucleotides:
A sugar (deoxyribose)
A phosphate group
A nitrogenous base (A, T, G, C)

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10
Q

What constitutes a nucleotide?

A

A sugar (deoxyribose)
A phosphate group
A nitrogenous base (A, T, G,

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11
Q

Explain the DNA double-helix

A

Backbone:
The sugar
The phosphate
Interior:
The bases

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12
Q

What are the base pairing rules?

A

Adenine and thymine
Guanine and cytosine
A & T
G & C

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13
Q

The two strands look like a ladder coiled into a helix forms the:

A

Double-helix

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14
Q

Almost every cell contains:

A

2 meters of your DNA
A complete set of your DNA

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15
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

Cell—>Nucleus—>Chromosomes—>DNA

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16
Q

What is chromatin?

A

Very thin strands of coiled DNA wrapped around proteins called histones

17
Q

What is chromatin wrapped around?

A

Histones

18
Q

What are histones?

A

A protein that chromatin wraps around

19
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

Condensed chromatin found during cell division

20
Q

What are chromosomes made out of and where are they joined?

A

Made of chromatids (copies of DNA)
Joined at the centromere

21
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

23 pairs-46 total

22
Q

Chromosome pairs:

A

Called homologous pairs (one from mom, one from dad)

23
Q

Homologous pairs are ___ identical, but have genes coding for the same trait in the same spots with different genetic code so they are not ___ indentical

A

Structurally identical, but not genetically identical

AP Biology (Grade 11) (1 decks)

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