Genetic Processes Flashcards
What is the non-abbreviated form of DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is DNA?
A molecule that contains instructions for making all the proteins in a cell
What are the roles of proteins and give an example of each?
Structural (skin, hair, blood vessels)
Catalysts (enzymes)
Communication (hormones)
The bases DNA is made of:
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
A, T, G, C
The order of the bases in a DNA strand is called:
The genetic code
What is a gene?
A section of DNA that contains the instructions to produce a protein
What is responsible for producing proteins
Genes
The set of all the genes and genetic material in an organism:
Genome
Subunits that DNA is made of:
Nucleotides:
A sugar (deoxyribose)
A phosphate group
A nitrogenous base (A, T, G, C)
What constitutes a nucleotide?
A sugar (deoxyribose)
A phosphate group
A nitrogenous base (A, T, G,
Explain the DNA double-helix
Backbone:
The sugar
The phosphate
Interior:
The bases
What are the base pairing rules?
Adenine and thymine
Guanine and cytosine
A & T
G & C
The two strands look like a ladder coiled into a helix forms the:
Double-helix
Almost every cell contains:
2 meters of your DNA
A complete set of your DNA
Where is DNA found?
Cell—>Nucleus—>Chromosomes—>DNA
What is chromatin?
Very thin strands of coiled DNA wrapped around proteins called histones
What is chromatin wrapped around?
Histones
What are histones?
A protein that chromatin wraps around
What is a chromosome?
Condensed chromatin found during cell division
What are chromosomes made out of and where are they joined?
Made of chromatids (copies of DNA)
Joined at the centromere
How many chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs-46 total
Chromosome pairs:
Called homologous pairs (one from mom, one from dad)
Homologous pairs are ___ identical, but have genes coding for the same trait in the same spots with different genetic code so they are not ___ indentical
Structurally identical, but not genetically identical
