Genetic predisposition to cancer

Question 1

What are the types of cancer gene mutations?

Answer 1

Germline

Somatic

Question 2

What causes family cancer syndromes?

Answer 2

Germline mutations

Question 3

What do oncogenes cause?

Answer 3

Accelerated cell division

Question 4

What does a mutation of tumour suppressor genes cause?

Answer 4

1st mutation- susceptible carrier

2nd mutation- cancer

Question 5

What % of women with BRCA1 gene will get breast cancer?

Answer 5

60-80%

40-60% second primary

Question 6

What % of women with BRCA1 gene will get ovarian cancer?

Answer 6

20-50%

Question 7

When should hereditary cancer syndromes be suspected?

Answer 7

Cancer in 2 or more close relatives on same side of family
Early age at diagnosis
Multiple primary tumours
Bilateral or multiple rarae cancers
Characteristic pattern of tumours
Evidence of autosomal dominant transmission

Question 8

What is the process of genetic testing?

Answer 8

FH
Risk estimation
Interventions
Genetic test is high risk

Question 9

What are the benefits of genetic testing?

Answer 9

Identifies highest risk and non carriers

Early detection and prevention

Question 10

What are the risks of genetic testing?

Answer 10

Doesn’t detect all mutations

Continued risk of sporadic cancer